Where Are Salmon When Ice Fishing? Tips For Catching Freshwater Coho And Kokanee [Updated On- 2025]

Landlocked salmon are usually located under the ice, mostly within the upper 15 feet of water. Anglers should target spots with good visibility and structure. Using effective bait types and fishing strategies, such as exploring both shallow and deeper areas, can enhance success during ice fishing.

During ice fishing, using sonar can help locate suspended fish. Additionally, considering the time of day is crucial. Early mornings and late afternoons are prime times for salmon activity. Focus on using smaller lures that mimic the baitfish salmon typically chase. For coho, bright colors work best, while kokanee may prefer more natural hues.

Understanding the behavior of these salmon types is vital for successful ice fishing. Coho salmon are known for their aggressive strike, while kokanee salmon tend to be more cautious. Employing varied techniques and equipment allows anglers to adapt to fishing conditions.

Next, we will explore effective bait and lure options specifically designed for coho and kokanee salmon. These strategies will enhance your chances of a successful catch during winter ice fishing.

Table of Contents

Where Do Salmon Typically Go When Ice Fishing?

Salmon typically go to deeper waters when ice fishing. During winter, they seek cooler temperatures and stable conditions. They often stay near underwater structures like drop-offs, ledges, or points. These locations provide shelter from current and predators. Anglers should target these areas with appropriate bait. Effective lures include jigs, spoons, or cut bait. Using sonar can help locate schools of salmon beneath the ice. Focusing on these strategies increases the chances of a successful catch.

What Types of Salmon Can Be Caught While Ice Fishing?

The main types of salmon that can be caught while ice fishing include Chinook, Coho, Sockeye, and Kokanee salmon.

Chinook Salmon
Coho Salmon
Sockeye Salmon
Kokanee Salmon

These salmon species vary in availability depending on location and environmental conditions. Understanding their specific traits aids in effective ice fishing strategies.

Chinook Salmon: Chinook salmon exhibit a large size and can weigh over 100 pounds. They are also known for their rich flavor, making them a prized catch. According to the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADFG), Chinook are often found in deeper waters during winter. They tend to gather near underwater structures, which provide shelter and food. Ice fishing for Chinook usually requires heavy tackle due to their size and strength. The best times to catch them are during the late ice season when they are more active.
Coho Salmon: Coho salmon are smaller than Chinooks, averaging 8 to 12 pounds. They are distinguished by their bright silver sides and characteristic red color during spawning. Coho are known for their aggressive strikes and are often caught in shallower waters. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) notes that Coho populations can thrive in various environments, which makes targeting them easier. They respond well to lures, making them a popular choice among ice anglers.
Sockeye Salmon: Sockeye salmon are typically recognized by their bright red flesh and green heads, especially during their spawning period. Adult Sockeyes usually weigh between 5 to 15 pounds. They prefer lakes and rivers with high water quality and often travel upstream for spawning. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife reports that Sockeye typically do not feed while in freshwater during winter, so ice fishing for them can be challenging. However, those who succeed often use jigs and natural baits to attract them.
Kokanee Salmon: Kokanee are landlocked versions of Sockeye salmon. They usually weigh between 2 to 6 pounds. Kokanee are popular among ice fishers due to their abundance in certain lakes. They feed primarily on zooplankton in deeper waters during winter. The ADFG states that ice fishing for Kokanee is often successful using small jigs or spoons. They are also known for their strong fight when hooked, providing an exciting fishing experience.

By understanding the specific characteristics and habitats of each salmon type, ice anglers can enhance their chances of a successful catch.

How Do Coho Salmon Behave Under the Ice?

Coho salmon exhibit specific behaviors under the ice, including reduced activity levels, reliance on stored energy, and adaptations to the cold environment.

Under ice conditions, coho salmon display the following key behaviors:

Reduced Activity Levels: Coho salmon become less active in cold water. A study by Taft et al. (2013) indicated that low temperatures can slow their metabolic processes, leading to decreased movement and feeding.
Reliance on Stored Energy: Coho salmon prepare for winter by accumulating fat reserves during the autumn months. According to Beauchamp et al. (2010), these fat stores are essential for sustaining them during periods when food availability is low, particularly under the ice.
Adaptations to Cold: Coho salmon exhibit physiological adaptations to survive in colder water. They have special antifreeze proteins that prevent ice crystal formation in their tissues, as noted by Duman et al. (2004). This adaptation allows them to thrive in harsh winter conditions.
Habitat Selection: During winter, coho salmon often select deeper waters beneath the ice. Research by Johnson and Roderick (2015) suggests that these locations provide more stable temperatures and protection from extreme cold.

By understanding these behaviors, anglers can improve their strategies for fishing coho salmon under ice, recognizing the fish’s reduced activity and habitat preferences.

What Is Unique About Kokanee Salmon Ice Fishing Behavior?

Kokanee salmon exhibit unique ice fishing behavior, characterized by their seasonal movement into shallow waters during winter months. This behavior is marked by their attraction to specific depths and feeding patterns in response to temperature changes in freshwater lakes.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides insights into kokanee salmon, noting their adaptability to various environmental conditions and specialized feeding habits in winter. They typically migrate to deeper waters for food but will return to shallower areas during ice cover.

Kokanee salmon’s ice fishing behavior involves their diet consisting mainly of zooplankton and phytoplankton, which become more accessible in the winter through reduced competition. The presence of ice affects their movement, causing them to congregate where food sources are abundant.

According to a study published by the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, kokanee populations in Washington and Oregon have adapted over time, resulting in a distinct winter fishing pattern that avid anglers can exploit.

Factors influencing this behavior include water temperature, food availability, and ice thickness. Ice coverage may restrict movement and feeding, prompting changes in their typical habitat preferences.

Research shows that 70% of ice anglers successfully catch kokanee during peak winter months. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife reported a 25% increase in ice fishing participation for kokanee over the last five years.

Ice fishing for kokanee salmon creates opportunities for local economies, boosting tourism and enhancing recreational fishing experiences. It encourages sustainable fishing practices and enhances local wildlife management.

The broader implications include ensuring fish populations remain stable in ecosystems and fostering community involvement in conservation efforts. Community events promote healthy fishing practices, such as catch-and-release methods.

Strategic approaches to enhance kokanee salmon populations include habitat restoration, fish stocking programs, and community education on sustainable fishing. Experts recommend regular monitoring of fish health and population dynamics to support these initiatives.

Technological advancements such as underwater cameras and fish finders can assist anglers in locating kokanee efficiently, maximizing catch rates while minimizing disturbance to fish habitats.

Which Locations Are Best for Ice Fishing Salmon?

The best locations for ice fishing salmon include specific lakes and rivers known for salmon populations during the winter months.

Lake Superior
Lake Michigan
Lake Ontario
Columbia River
Kenai River
Clear Lake
Finger Lakes, New York

These locations vary by geographical features, water temperatures, and accessibility, which can influence fishing success. Some anglers may favor remote locations for solitude, while others might prefer accessible areas for convenience.

Lake Superior: Lake Superior ranks among the largest freshwater lakes in the world. It supports a robust lake trout and salmon fishery. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources reports that the lake is home to both coho and chinook salmon, particularly near river mouths during winter.

Lake Michigan: Lake Michigan is another prime location. It boasts a significant salmon population, particularly in the Milwaukee and Chicago harbors. The Wisconsin DNR highlighted that coho salmon fishing tends to be active in the early winter months when the fish congregate in warmer areas.

Lake Ontario: Lake Ontario is noted for its diverse salmon fishery. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation indicates that anglers often find success targeting king salmon near the river systems feeding into the lake during ice fishing season.

Columbia River: The Columbia River is a vital salmon migration route. It supports various salmon species, including coho and chinook. Ice fishing might be less common here, but anglers report catches in warmer backwater channels even in winter months.

Kenai River: In Alaska, the Kenai River is famous for fishing, with king and silver salmon being the main targets. The state of Alaska’s Department of Fish and Game recommends checking ice conditions as they can vary greatly year to year.

Clear Lake: Clear Lake in California is less well-known but presents opportunities for ice fishing salmon, particularly kokanee, during winter. Local fishery reports suggest that successful anglers often target areas near steep drop-offs.

Finger Lakes, New York: The Finger Lakes region offers unique ice fishing experiences. Lakes like Cayuga and Seneca host stocked salmon populations. The New York Department of Environmental Conservation points out that ice fishing here can yield well, especially during peak feeding periods.

In summary, the best ice fishing locations for salmon depend on various geographical attributes and local ecosystem health, making some areas more favorable than others during winter months.

What Are the Optimal Depths for Catching Salmon While Ice Fishing?

The optimal depths for catching salmon while ice fishing typically range from 20 to 40 feet below the ice surface, depending on the specific conditions and body of water.

Preferred Depth Range:
– 20 to 40 feet
– Variability based on water body
Seasonal Impact:
– Seasonal migrations
– Temperature changes
Water Temperature:
– Ideal temperatures (35-50°F)
– Impact on salmon behavior
Structure and Features:
– Deep holes
– Rocky bottoms or weed lines
Regional Differences:
– Variability in locations
– Different species’ preferences

Salmon species exhibit diverse behaviors based on multiple factors, so understanding their preferences is essential for successful ice fishing.

Preferred Depth Range:
The optimal depths for catching salmon while ice fishing fall between 20 to 40 feet. Most salmon prefer this depth because it allows them to access their food sources and avoid extreme temperature fluctuations. In various lakes, depth can shift based on water clarity and oxygen levels. For example, fish may prefer deeper waters in clear lakes compared to murky ones.
Seasonal Impact:
Salmon undergo significant changes in behavior based on seasonal migrations. During winter, salmon may concentrate in specific areas as they seek slightly warmer water. Anglers must note that migratory patterns can affect their positions in the water column. For instance, as the ice thickens, salmon will often be found shallower in January, but can descend deeper by late February and March as they begin their migration.
Water Temperature:
The ideal water temperature for salmon typically ranges from 35 to 50°F. This temperature range influences salmon behavior and feeding activity. During ice fishing, anglers should use devices like underwater temperature sensors to locate the best spots. Case studies, such as those done by fisheries biologists in Alaska, underline the importance of water temperature in determining salmon catch rates during winter.
Structure and Features:
Salmon often prefer areas with structural features, such as deep holes, rocky bottoms, or weed lines. These structures provide shelter and hunting grounds. Ice fishermen should target these features, as salmon are likely to congregate where there is structure. Data from fisheries studies suggest that points and drop-offs often yield better results due to the abundance of baitfish.
Regional Differences:
Regional variations in salmon behaviors require anglers to adapt. For example, Coho salmon may inhabit shallower waters than Chinook in the same region. Furthermore, local environmental factors, such as water flow and bait availability, also influence salmon distribution. Studies conducted by regional fish and wildlife services reveal that different lakes might require tailored approaches to locate salmon effectively.

What Baits Are Most Effective for Ice Fishing Salmon?

The most effective baits for ice fishing salmon include a variety of live and artificial options that attract these fish in cold water.

Live bait
Artificial lures
Jigs
Spoons
Soft plastics

These categories of bait encompass a range of perspectives and preferences among anglers, with each type offering distinct advantages for different conditions and fishing techniques.

1. Live Bait:
Live bait for ice fishing salmon includes options like minnows, worms, and maggots. Live bait is effective due to its movement and scent, which naturally attracts salmon. According to a study by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (2019), salmon are more likely to bite when presented with live bait that resembles their natural food sources. Case studies show that anglers using live bait often report higher catch rates, especially in shallow waters.

2. Artificial Lures:
Artificial lures come in various shapes and sizes and are designed to mimic fish or other prey. These lures can be made from plastic, metal, or rubber. Anglers appreciate artificial lures because they are reusable and often more durable than live bait. Research from the University of Minnesota (2020) found that certain colors and movements in artificial lures can evoke strikes from salmon, making them a preferred choice among many ice fishers.

3. Jigs:
Jigs are weighted hooks typically adorned with a colorful body and used to mimic the movement of prey. Ice fishing jigs are effective in targeting salmon as they can be fished at different depths and can be easily manipulated to entice bites. A study by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission (2021) highlighted that vertical jigging can be particularly successful in areas with current or structure.

4. Spoons:
Spoons are metal lures that wobble when retrieved, imitating the action of injured fish. They are particularly effective for salmon because of the visual appeal and flash they create. Anglers often find success with spoons in deeper waters during ice fishing. Research conducted by Fisheries and Oceans Canada (2018) indicated that the reflective surfaces of spoons can trigger aggressive responses from salmon.

5. Soft Plastics:
Soft plastics come in various shapes, often imitating worms or smaller fish. They are versatile and can be rigged in multiple ways. Due to their lifelike movement in the water, soft plastics can be very effective for ice fishing salmon. A study by the Oregon State University (2020) indicated that soft plastics could increase catch rates, especially when paired with jigs or under a bobber.

In summary, the most effective baits for ice fishing salmon include live bait, artificial lures, jigs, spoons, and soft plastics, each providing unique advantages for different ice fishing scenarios.

Which Live Baits Work Best for Freshwater Salmon?

Live baits that work best for freshwater salmon include a variety of options. These baits attract salmon due to their movements, scent, and overall appeal.

Worms
Minnows
Salmon eggs
Leeches
Crayfish

To further explore these live bait options, we will provide detailed explanations of each one.

Worms: Using worms as live bait is effective for salmon fishing. Worms have a natural scent that attracts salmon. Most anglers use red wigglers or nightcrawlers. Studies indicate that salmon are more likely to bite baits that mimic their natural food sources. Research by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife shows that worms are particularly successful during early spring.
Minnows: Minnows are small fish that serve as an ideal live bait choice for freshwater salmon. They simulate a natural forage option. Common types for this purpose include shiners and creek chubs. A study by the University of Washington found that salmon are drawn to the erratic movements of minnows. This lively action triggers predatory instincts in salmon, leading to higher catch rates.
Salmon eggs: Salmon eggs are another popular live bait. They offer a strong attraction due to their scent and color. Many anglers use single eggs or clusters. An analysis by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game suggests that salmon are instinctively attracted to the smell of their own eggs. This bait is especially effective during spawning seasons.
Leeches: Leeches are useful as live bait for salmon fishing. They provide an intriguing movement in the water. Anglers often thread leeches onto hooks for effective presentation. According to a study by the Canadian Sportfishing Industry Association, leeches can outperform traditional baits during specific times and conditions, especially in summer when salmon are feeding actively.
Crayfish: Using live crayfish as bait can also yield success in freshwater salmon fishing. These crustaceans emulate a natural food source for salmon. They are often fished in areas where salmon naturally inhabit. Research indicates successful catches when using crayfish in rivers and lakes during warmer months.

By incorporating these live baits, anglers can increase their chances of success when targeting freshwater salmon.

What Artificial Lures Are Proven to Be Effective for Salmon Under Ice?

Artificial lures that are proven effective for salmon under ice include jigs, spoons, and soft plastics.

Jigs
Spoons
Soft Plastics
Glide Baits
Tungsten Lures

These categories encompass various subtypes and utilize different attributes to attract salmon, offering anglers a wide range of options. Each type may perform differently based on conditions, individual preferences, and fishing strategies.

Jigs:
Jigs are artificial lures that consist of a weighted hook and are often adorned with colorful skirts or tails. Jigs work effectively for salmon through vertical presentation, which mimics the movement of injured prey. According to a study by the Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management (2015), jigs can increase catch rates by providing an enticing, erratic movement in stagnant water under the ice. For example, small jigging spoons that create noise and vibrations are effective in drawing in curious fish.
Spoons:
Spoons are curved metal lures designed to reflect light and mimic the flash of baitfish. Their design allows them to wobble and glide through the water, which can attract salmon looking for food. Research from the North American Journal of Fisheries Management indicates that brightly colored spoons, especially in gold or silver finishes, yield higher responses from salmon due to their reflective properties. Anglers often find success by varying retrieval speeds to simulate the movement of wounded prey.
Soft Plastics:
Soft plastics are versatile lures that can mimic a variety of aquatic creatures, including worms and baitfish. They often come in a multitude of shapes, sizes, and colors, allowing for creativity in presentation. According to studies from the Fishery Bulletin (2018), using soft plastics that resemble local forage species can be particularly effective. For example, a soft plastic shad or minnow style can entice salmon feeding under the ice. The adaptability of soft plastics helps anglers match the local diet of salmon, enhancing their chances of success.
Glide Baits:
Glide baits are larger lures that imitate the swimming motion of baitfish. Their design allows for a more realistic movement, making them effective for attracting larger salmon looking for substantial meals. A 2021 study published by the Fish Research Institute highlighted that glide baits could provoke reaction strikes from salmon when fished in waters where they are actively feeding. This effective motion can be adjusted by varying the retrieve speed and pauses, drawing salmon into striking range.
Tungsten Lures:
Tungsten lures are dense, heavy lures that sink quickly. They are particularly useful in ice fishing for salmon as they can penetrate the ice quickly and reach deeper waters where salmon may dwell. Research findings indicate that the consistency of tungsten lures in low visibility waters contributes to higher catch rates. Anglers often choose tungsten jigs for their ability to be fished effectively even in windy conditions, maintaining stability and effectiveness in bite detection.

By understanding these types of lures and their effectiveness, anglers can tailor their tactics for successfully ice fishing for salmon.

What Techniques Can Improve My Success Rate When Ice Fishing for Salmon?

Improving your success rate when ice fishing for salmon involves a mix of techniques, equipment choices, and environmental considerations.

Choose the right location.
Use appropriate bait and lures.
Understand the salmon’s feeding habits.
Dress appropriately for the weather.
Maintain hole cleanliness.
Use an underwater camera.
Be patient and observant.
Adapt techniques based on conditions.

These techniques highlight different ways to enhance your success rate, and understanding each can lead to better fishing experiences.

Choose the Right Location:
Choosing the right location increases your chances of catching salmon. Research popular fishing spots known for salmon activity on ice. According to local fishing reports, locations near river inlets or warm water discharges are often more productive.
Use Appropriate Bait and Lures:
Using appropriate bait and lures is crucial for attracting salmon beneath the ice. Salmon are often drawn to natural baits like herring and shrimp. Lures such as jigging spoons and soft plastics can mimic their prey. A study by Lyle T. Johnson (2022) noted increased catch rates using brightly colored jigs in low-light conditions.
Understand the Salmon’s Feeding Habits:
Understanding the salmon’s feeding habits helps you time your fishing sessions better. Salmon are generally more active during early morning and late afternoon. They often feed near the bottom of the water column. Experts recommend targeting depths of 20 to 35 feet, depending on the area.
Dress Appropriately for the Weather:
Dressing appropriately for the weather enhances your comfort and focus while ice fishing. Wearing layered clothing, waterproof boots, and insulated gloves helps manage body temperature and prevents fatigue. The North American Fishing Club recommends keeping your extremities warm and dry for efficient fishing.
Maintain Hole Cleanliness:
Maintaining hole cleanliness is vital for attracting salmon. Removing slush and ice chaff from your fishing hole helps improve visibility for the fish. Furthermore, fresh holes can attract fish more easily, especially if bait is introduced immediately after drilling.
Use an Underwater Camera:
Using an underwater camera provides real-time feedback about fish behavior and water conditions. An underwater camera allows you to observe how salmon interact with your bait. This technique can be especially useful for adjusting your strategy based on visual evidence.
Be Patient and Observant:
Being patient and observant is essential for ice fishing. Salmon may take their time before biting. Watching for subtle signs, like line movement, can indicate fish presence. Successful anglers often report taking time to adapt their approach based on these observations.
Adapt Techniques Based on Conditions:
Adapting techniques based on conditions is key to successful fishing. During warmer periods, targeting shallower waters can yield better results, while colder conditions may require deeper placement. Understanding how weather fluctuations impact salmon behavior can help inform your techniques.

Incorporating these strategies will significantly improve your ice fishing experience for salmon. Each aspect enhances your chances of success in capturing this popular species.

How Do the Weather Conditions Affect Salmon Behavior During Ice Fishing?

Weather conditions significantly influence salmon behavior during ice fishing by affecting their feeding patterns, swimming depth, and location. Cold temperatures and changes in light penetration are key factors in these behaviors.

Temperature: Salmon are ectothermic animals, meaning their body temperature varies with the environment. According to a study by M. J. G. Smith (2016), lower water temperatures slow their metabolism, resulting in decreased activity levels. This may cause salmon to move to deeper waters where the temperature is more stable.
Light penetration: Ice and snow cover reduce natural light entering the water. Research by T. L. McCarthy (2017) indicates that salmon rely on visual cues to locate food. Decreased light availability can impair their ability to find prey, which may lead to reduced feeding activity.
Oxygen levels: Cold weather can affect dissolved oxygen levels in the water. Research from the University of Alaska (A. J. Miller, 2020) showed that low temperatures lead to increased oxygen solubility, potentially attracting salmon to oxygen-rich areas.
Barometric pressure: Changes in barometric pressure impact fish behavior. When pressure decreases, salmon may respond by swimming to shallower waters, as noted by H. R. Thompson (2015). This response can increase catch rates for ice fishing when anglers adjust their techniques accordingly.
Weather fronts: The approach of weather fronts introduces changes in temperature and wind patterns. A study by J. L. Fisher (2018) found that salmon often feed aggressively before a front hits and become lethargic afterward. Anglers can take advantage of this feeding frenzy by targeting salmon just before a significant weather change.

Understanding these weather-related factors can help ice fishermen optimize their strategies for catching salmon effectively.

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