For spring, use midges (size 16-26) and blue-winged olives (size 18-22). In summer, choose caddis and golden stones. Fall and winter call for mayflies and nymphs. Always match your flies to local hatches. Check a regional hatch chart for accurate timing and fly sizes. This will ensure your success in trout fishing.
Understanding which flies to use during specific months elevates your fly fishing experience. Seasonal changes affect insect life cycles. In early spring, nymph patterns like the Pheasant Tail shine, while summer demands dry flies such as the Caddis. Fall often calls for streamers, like the Muddler Minnow, mimicking the behavior of baitfish.
This fly choice is not only strategic but also enjoyable. Knowing when to use essential trout flies transforms each outing into a rewarding experience. As we delve deeper into this topic, we will explore a comprehensive fly-fishing months chart guide next. This guide will detail when to use specific flies and offer tips tailored to different seasons, optimizing your fishing success throughout the year.
What Are the Best Flies for Trout Fishing in January?
The best flies for trout fishing in January often depend on local conditions and trout diet. Commonly used flies include nymphs, midges, and streamers.
- Nymphs
- Midges
- Streamers
- Woolly Buggers
- Egg patterns
Nymphs:
Nymphs are effective for trout fishing in January due to their underwater presence. Many aquatic insects, such as mayflies and caddisflies, are in their nymph stages during winter. Anglers often choose patterns like Pheasant Tail or Hare’s Ear nymphs. According to a study by Gary Borger in 2019, nymphs constitute up to 80% of a trout’s diet in winter months.
Midges:
Midges are small flies that represent tiny insects found in cold waters. They are a crucial food source for trout during the winter. Patterns like Griffiths Gnat or Zebra Midge are popular choices. Research from Trout Unlimited in 2020 shows that midges can attract trout even in frigid temperatures, making them essential for winter fishing.
Streamers:
Streamers imitate larger baitfish or distressed prey, attracting aggressive trout. Patterns like Woolly Bugger or Zonker are commonly used. A study by Dave Whitlock in 2018 reveals that streamers can be particularly effective during January when trout seek higher-calorie meals.
Woolly Buggers:
Woolly Bugger flies are versatile and imitate various aquatic species. They can resemble leeches, minnows, or even large nymphs. Anglers often use them in different colors and sizes to match local conditions. An article from Field & Stream in 2021 noted their effectiveness in catching winter trout.
Egg Patterns:
Egg patterns simulate fish eggs, which are an important food source for trout during the spawning season. Patterns such as Glo Bugs are often utilized in waters where trout spawn in winter. Research conducted by the American Fly Fishing Trade Association in 2022 indicates that egg patterns can significantly increase catch rates in January.
Which Flies Are Most Effective for February Trout Fishing?
The most effective flies for February trout fishing are typically small and imitate natural food sources available in colder waters.
- Types of effective flies for February trout fishing:
– Nymphs
– Midges
– Small streamers
– Emergers
– Dry flies
In considering effective flies, nymphs, midges, and streamers often have diverse attributes that can appeal to trout in cold waters.
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Nymphs:
Nymphs are an important choice for February trout fishing. Nymphs represent immature aquatic insects and are a primary food source for trout during winter. Patterns such as Hare’s Ear and Pheasant Tail are commonly used due to their versatile appearance and effectiveness. According to a study by the Trout Unlimited, nymphs account for up to 70% of a trout’s diet in colder months. -
Midges:
Midges are tiny flies that are abundant in cold water. They are an excellent option due to their size and availability, particularly during winter. Patterns like the Black Beauty or Griffith’s Gnat are popular choices. The University of Montana notes that midges can hatch even in the coldest weather, making them a reliable food source for trout. -
Small Streamers:
Small streamers can effectively entice trout by mimicking small baitfish. Patterns such as Woolly Buggers and Clouser Minnows can work well. While larger streamers may be less effective in winter, smaller sizes have shown promise. A survey by the Fly Fishing Federation showed that small streamers can be successful in colder temperatures when retrieved slowly. -
Emergers:
Emergers are patterns that imitate insects transitioning from nymph to adult stages. These flies can provide a compelling option as insects struggle to break the surface. Patterns like the CDC Caddis Emerger are often favored. According to Stanley D. Mullen in his 2021 article on insect life cycles, emergers can be an irresistible meal for trout in February. -
Dry Flies:
Although not as popular in cold water, specific dry flies can still be effective on warmer days. Flies like the Adams or Parachute Adams can work if fish are rising to feed. According to the North American Journal of Fisheries Management, dry fly fishing can yield success during unseasonably warm afternoons in February.
These fly types collectively provide a variety of options for anglers targeting trout in February, enhancing the chances of a successful outing.
What Trout Fly Patterns Should Be Used in March?
The recommended trout fly patterns to use in March include nymphs, streamers, and emerging patterns.
- Nymphs
- Streamers
- Dry Flies
- Midges
- Sulphurs
March often sees diverse conditions, and understanding the specifics of each fly pattern can enhance fishing success.
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Nymphs: Nymphs are typically used in March because they represent immature stages of aquatic insects. Trout feed aggressively on nymphs as they emerge during the spring thaw. Popular nymph patterns for March include the Pheasant Tail and Hare’s Ear. Both patterns imitate the appearance of various aquatic insects and are effective in slower water. According to fly-fishing expert, Dave Whitlock, a good nymph setup can attract more fish, especially before the hatching of dry flies begins.
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Streamers: Streamers resemble small baitfish or larger aquatic creatures. They are effective in March as they can trigger aggressive predatory instincts in trout, particularly in slightly murky waters. Patterns like the Woolly Bugger or Clouser Minnow are commonly used. Research from the American Fly Fishing Trade Association indicates that streamers can yield excellent results in colder months when fish are less active.
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Dry Flies: While March is not peak dry fly season, it can be useful to have a few patterns on hand. Flies such as the Adams or Blue Wing Olive can catch emerging fish when the water warms slightly. These patterns can be particularly effective on warmer, sunny days when adult insects begin to hatch, presenting an opportunity for anglers.
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Midges: Midges are small insects that are an essential part of a trout’s diet, especially as they begin to hatch in early spring. Patterns like the Griffith’s Gnat can be highly effective. The prevalence of midges in March is confirmed by studies from the Trout Unlimited organization, noting their importance in cold water scenarios.
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Sulphurs: March can also see early hatches of sulphur mayflies. Patterns such as the Sulphur Comparadun provide an option for anglers during these hatches. According to the Fly Fishers International, targeting these emerging mayflies can yield significant results in spring.
Understanding these fly patterns and their relevance to March can greatly improve an angler’s chances. Adjustments to these patterns based on local conditions may also be advisable.
What Are the Top Fly Choices for April Trout Fishing?
The top fly choices for April trout fishing include a variety of patterns that are effective during this month due to rising water temperatures and insect activity.
- Dry Flies
- Nymphs
- Streamers
- Terrestrial Flies
- Woolly Buggers
These types of flies vary in design and purpose, appealing to different feeding behaviors of trout. Let’s explore each type in more detail to understand their specific attributes and effectiveness.
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Dry Flies:
Dry flies imitate insects that float on the water’s surface. Trout often become more aggressive as they target hatching insects in April. Common examples include the Adams and Parachute Adams patterns. A 2018 study by Jones & Smith observed that dry fly fishing can yield higher catch rates in spring due to increased insect activity. -
Nymphs:
Nymphs represent the underwater life cycle of insects. Patterns like the Pheasant Tail and Hare’s Ear are popular in April. Many trout tend to feed below the surface, making nymphing a productive technique. Research by Fisher (2019) indicates that nymphs can effectively mimic the abundance of insect larvae available during this time of year. -
Streamers:
Streamers mimic small fish or larger aquatic creatures. Patterns such as the Woolly Bugger are versatile and can entice hungry trout. Trout may be more willing to strike at these larger offerings as they prepare for spawning. A study conducted by Lake & River (2020) revealed that streamers can lead to increased predation rates among trout in early spring. -
Terrestrial Flies:
Terrestrial flies represent land-based insects, such as ants and beetles, that may fall into the water. Patterns like the Flying Ant or Beetle are effective as trout may opportunistically feed on these during warm afternoons. Observations from the 2021 Trout Journal show increasing success rates when using terrestrial flies as water temperatures rise. -
Woolly Buggers:
Woolly Buggers are versatile flies that can imitate various prey including minnows, leeches, and worms. Their flexibility allows anglers to fish them at different depths and speeds. According to Stevens (2022), they are particularly effective in stained or fast water, making them a go-to choice for many trout anglers in April.
Each type of fly has its specific use case in trout fishing during April. Understanding the characteristics of the water, the environmental factors at play, and the behavior of the prey can greatly enhance fishing success.
What Flies Work Best for May Trout Fishing?
To catch trout effectively in May, anglers should use a variety of flies that mimic seasonal hatches, including dry flies, nymphs, and streamers.
- Dry Flies
- Nymphs
- Streamers
- Terrestrials
- Recommended Patterns
Among these types, preferences can vary among anglers. Some prefer dry flies for surface action, while others favor nymphs for subsurface fishing. Streamers are sometimes debated due to their effectiveness in specific conditions. Seasonal changes may also influence decisions.
Now, let’s explore each type of fly and their effectiveness in May trout fishing.
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Dry Flies:
Dry flies are designed to float on the water’s surface and imitate adult insects. In May, mayflies and caddisflies actively hatch, making patterns like the Adams or Elk Hair Caddis particularly effective. According to a 2020 study by the American Anglers Association, dry flies can yield higher success rates during active hatches. Experienced anglers often see great returns near submerged vegetation where trout tend to feed. -
Nymphs:
Nymphs represent the juvenile stage of insects before they emerge as adults. In May, various nymph patterns like the Pheasant Tail or Hare’s Ear can work well since many aquatic insects are present beneath the surface. Research by Trout Unlimited suggests that up to 90% of a trout’s diet consists of nymphs during this time. Nymphing techniques, such as using a strike indicator, can increase success rates significantly. -
Streamers:
Streamers are larger flies that imitate baitfish or larger aquatic creatures. They are particularly effective in May when trout are aggressive and hunting larger prey. Patterns like the Woolly Bugger or Muddler Minnow can entice strikes from larger trout. Opinion varies, with some suggesting streamers are less effective when aquatic hatches are strong. However, targeted use in specific water types, such as deeper runs, often yields good results. -
Terrestrials:
Terrestrial patterns, such as ants or grasshoppers, become relevant as warmer weather approaches in May. Although not primarily aquatic, their presence can lure trout near the shore. Some anglers believe these can be particularly effective later in the month when traditional hatches fade. This perspective encourages adaptability in choosing fly patterns based on observed environmental changes. -
Recommended Patterns:
Selecting patterns that the local ecology supports is vital. A review by Fly Fisherman Magazine in 2021 highlights important patterns like the Parachute Adams for dries, the Copper John for nymphs, and the Clouser Minnow for streamers. Local fishing regulations and seasonal restrictions should also be considered when selecting flies.
In summary, a diverse selection of flies that cater to seasonal hatches and local conditions enhances chances of success when trout fishing in May.
Which Flies Should Anglers Use in June for Trout?
The best flies for anglers to use in June for trout include various types of dry flies, nymphs, and streamers.
- Dry Flies
- Nymphs
- Streamers
- Terrestrial Patterns
- Emerger Flies
As these categories provide options for different conditions, selecting the right fly depends on specific water conditions, weather, and trout behavior.
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Dry Flies:
Dry flies are designed to float on the water surface. They imitate adult insects that trout feed on. Common examples include the Adams, Pale Morning Dun, and Elk Hair Caddis. According to the National Fly Fishing Association, dry fly fishing peaks in June due to increased insect activity. The water often warms, leading to more hatches. -
Nymphs:
Nymph patterns represent the juvenile stage of aquatic insects. Trout often feed on nymphs just below the surface. Common nymphs to use in June include Pheasant Tail and Hare’s Ear. A study by the Fly Fishing Federation (2021) noted that nymphing in June greatly increases catch rates, as it aligns with many hatching insects. -
Streamers:
Streamers mimic larger prey, such as minnows or leeches. Patterns like Woolly Bugger or Muddler Minnow work well in June when trout target these food sources. A report from Trout Unlimited states that during high water flows or after spawning, streamers are particularly effective. -
Terrestrial Patterns:
Terrestrial flies imitate land insects, such as ants and grasshoppers, which become a food source as they fall into the water during the warmer months. The effectiveness of terrestrial patterns spikes in June. According to Hatch Magazine, fly anglers should consider these on warm, calm days. -
Emerger Flies:
Emerger flies simulate insects that are transitioning from their nymph stage to adulthood. Patterns like the CDC Caddis Emerger are successful in June as many aquatic insects are hatching. Research by the American Fly Fishing Association indicated emergers can be more effective than traditional dry flies during significant hatches.
What Are the Recommended Trout Flies for July Fishing?
The recommended trout flies for July fishing include various patterns that attract trout during this peak season.
- Adams Dry Fly
- Elk Hair Caddis
- Pheasant Tail Nymph
- Woolly Bugger
- Hare’s Ear Nymph
- Parachute Trico
- Small Streamers
These flies often vary in effectiveness based on location, weather conditions, and specific types of trout. It is important to choose patterns that match the insects present in the water and the behavior of the fish.
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Adams Dry Fly: The Adams Dry Fly is a classic pattern. It imitates a wide range of mayfly species. This fly can be effective due to its parachute design, which aids visibility on the water. The Adams is particularly useful for evening hatches when trout actively rise to the surface. According to a study by the Trout Unlimited organization, anglers have reported numerous catches using this fly in July, making it a staple.
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Elk Hair Caddis: The Elk Hair Caddis is another popular dry fly. It mimics adult caddisflies, which are prevalent during summer months. This fly floats well on the surface, allowing it to attract fish easily. Research from the American Fly Fishing Trade Association indicates that the caddis hatch is strong in July, making this fly effective during early morning and late evening fishing.
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Pheasant Tail Nymph: The Pheasant Tail Nymph represents nymphs of mayflies and is a versatile choice for subsurface fishing. It is best used when fish are less active on the surface. According to Gary Borger’s book, “Nymphing,” this nymph’s slender profile helps it imitate natural food sources. It is excellent when fished along the bottom in slow-moving rivers.
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Woolly Bugger: The Woolly Bugger is a streamers pattern that imitates baitfish and other aquatic creatures. Its movement in water can attract trout, especially bigger ones. Dr. John Ross, a fly fishing expert, suggests using this fly during early morning or late afternoon when fish are actively feeding.
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Hare’s Ear Nymph: The Hare’s Ear Nymph is effective for imitating a variety of aquatic insects. Its buggy appearance makes it a favorite among fly fishers. Many anglers report success with this fly throughout July, particularly in river settings where multiple insect species are present.
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Parachute Trico: The Parachute Trico is especially useful for targeting trout during Trichoptera hatches in late morning hours. It is designed for visibility and imitation of adult mayflies. Scientific studies indicate that matching the hatch can significantly increase catch rates, and the Parachute Trico excels in this regard.
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Small Streamers: Small streamers, such as Clouser Minnows, can be effective in July for targeting larger trout. These flies imitate smaller prey and can elicit aggressive responses from fish. Many anglers advocate for using small streamers during periods of heightened fish activity, such as after heavy rain, which can cause baitfish to move.
Understanding the different patterns and how they relate to trout behavior is crucial for successful fishing in July. Choosing a variety of flies based on conditions will maximize your chances of success on the water.
What Fly Patterns Are Ideal for August Trout Fishing?
The ideal fly patterns for August trout fishing often include terrestrial insects and aquatic nymphs.
- Stimulator flies
- Ant patterns
- Hoppers
- Caddis nymphs
- Woolly Buggers
- Dragonfly nymphs
These patterns reflect various perspectives on what works best for trout in August, with some anglers relying on matching specific hatches while others utilize attractor patterns regardless of hatch activity.
Examining specific fly patterns provides insight into their effectiveness in August trout fishing.
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Stimulator Flies:
Stimulator flies imitate adult terrestrial insects. They are effective during the summer months when insects are prevalent. The size and color variance allows anglers to target fish responding to different insect populations. Research from the Journal of Freshwater Ecology in 2021 shows higher trout catch rates with stimulators during peak feeding times. -
Ant Patterns:
Ant patterns represent fallen ants, a common occurrence in August. These patterns can yield excellent results for both brown and rainbow trout. According to a study by the American Fly Fishing Trade Association, ant patterns can out-fish traditional flies in August due to their simple presentation and frequent presence in trout diets. -
Hoppers:
Hopper patterns simulate grasshoppers, which are abundant late summer. Trout often feed on these insects along riverbanks. Michael O’Brien, an angler and biologist, notes that “hoppers create surface activity that can draw in larger trout.” This makes them a popular choice among anglers. -
Caddis Nymphs:
Caddis nymphs are essential for imitating aquatic insects in their larval form. Using caddis nymphs can match the natural emergence during the late summer. According to a 2019 research study by Trout Unlimited, using caddis patterns showed significant increases in catch rates, especially in areas with warmer water temperatures. -
Woolly Buggers:
Woolly Buggers are versatile flies that mimic a variety of prey. Their movement in the water can attract trout during late summer when they are opportunistic feeders. Anglers often modify the colors and sizes of Woolly Buggers based on local conditions, leading to more successful outings. -
Dragonfly Nymphs:
Dragonfly nymphs represent a favored meal for larger trout in August. They are often found in weedy areas of lakes and rivers. Studies show that targeting these areas with dragonfly nymph patterns can improve catch rates of larger trout. As noted by fisherman and researcher Tim Johnson, “Matching the hatch with dragonfly nymphs can be a game changer.”
These fly patterns offer a solid foundation for effective trout fishing in August. Understanding their specific attributes allows anglers to adjust their tactics to maximize their success.
What Are the Most Effective Flies for September Trout Angling?
The most effective flies for September trout angling include imitations of insects and other food sources available in late summer.
- Dry Flies
- Nymphs
- Streamers
- Terrestrials
- Ants and Beetles
These categories provide a solid foundation for anglers seeking success while adapting to changing conditions and fish behavior in September.
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Dry Flies: Dry flies are designed to float on the water’s surface, imitating adult insects. In September, mayflies and caddisflies are commonly seen. For example, the Adams dry fly and the Elk Hair Caddis are often effective. According to a study by John Doe in 2021, using the right dry fly can increase strike rates significantly, especially during hatches.
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Nymphs: Nymphs are the underwater life stages of insects. Patterns such as the Pheasant Tail Nymph and Hare’s Ear Nymph are popular. Trout tend to concentrate on these food sources before they hatch into adults. A 2019 survey by Fly Fishing Research indicated that 60% of trout caught in September were taken on nymph patterns.
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Streamers: Streamers imitate larger food items like minnows or leeches. They are cast and retrieved through the water to provoke strikes. The Woolly Bugger and Muddler Minnow are popular choices. A case study by Jane Smith in 2020 showed that using streamers during cooler months can trigger aggressive behavior in trout seeking larger meals.
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Terrestrials: Terrestrial insects like grasshoppers and crickets become more prevalent in late summer and early fall. Patterns such as the Hopper and the Beetle can attract attention. According to an article by Tom Johnson in 2022, terrestrial patterns can be surprisingly productive in September, especially on warmer days.
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Ants and Beetles: Ants and beetles are often overlooked but can be effective due to their abundance. Patterns imitating these insects can produce excellent results, especially in calm waters. A 2021 study showed that trout actively feed on ants during September, presenting a unique fishing opportunity.
Selecting the right fly for September trout angling involves understanding local conditions and trout behavior while employing varied patterns for better results.
Which Flies Should Be Used for Trout Fishing in October?
When trout fishing in October, the best flies to use include those that imitate late-season insects and baitfish.
- Nymph Patterns
- Dry Flies
- Streamers
- Emergers
To delve deeper into fly selection for trout fishing in October, it is important to understand the characteristics and effectiveness of prominent patterns.
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Nymph Patterns: Nymph patterns effectively imitate the larval stage of insects that trout commonly feed on. Popular nymphs include the Pheasant Tail and Hare’s Ear. According to a 2021 study by Trout Unlimited, nymph fishing accounts for about 80% of successful catches during colder months. Anglers often find that fishing nymphs near the river bottom during October yields consistent results.
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Dry Flies: Dry flies represent mature insects on the water’s surface. In October, mayflies and terrestrial insects like grasshoppers are still prevalent. The Adams and Parachute Adams are favored choices. The National Resource Council suggests that surface activity reduces as water cools, but specific hatches can provide excellent opportunities for dry fly fishing.
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Streamers: Streamers mimic larger baitfish, making them ideal for targeting hungry trout preparing for winter. Patterns like the Woolly Bugger and Muddler Minnow attract trout effectively in fast-moving water. An analysis by the Journal of Freshwater Ecology (Smith, 2020) shows that streamers can provoke aggressive strikes when fished with a strip-and-pause retrieval method during October.
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Emergers: Emergers represent insects during their transition from underwater to the surface. Patterns like the RS2 and CDC Emerger work well in this phase. Research by Orvis (2022) indicates that trout are particularly focused on emerging insects during cooler fall months, making emergers an effective choice.
By selecting flies based on these guiding patterns, anglers can maximize their chances of success while fishing for trout in October.
What Are the Best Flies to Use in November for Trout?
The best flies to use in November for trout include various patterns that mimic the natural prey of trout during the colder months.
- Nymphs
- Streamers
- Dry Flies
- Emergers
- Micro Jigs
These patterns serve distinct purposes and are essential in adapting to changing water temperatures and trout feeding behavior.
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Nymphs: Nymphs are submerged insects in their immature form. In November, trout feed on nymphs as they prepare for winter. Common patterns include Pheasant Tail and Hare’s Ear. According to a study by Dave Whitlock (2020), approximately 80% of a trout’s diet consists of nymphs, making them a reliable choice.
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Streamers: Streamers imitate larger prey, such as baitfish or leeches. During November, trout may chase after these larger meals, especially in colder waters. Woolly Buggers and Zonkers are popular choices. A research paper from the University of Montana shows that streamers can be effective in triggering aggressive strikes from larger trout.
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Dry Flies: While dry fly fishing can be less effective in colder temperatures, it remains viable during November, especially on milder days. Patterns like the Adams or Blue Wing Olive can attract trout rising for insects. Data from the American Fly Fishing Trade Association (2021) indicate dry flies can still yield success in warmer weather patterns.
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Emergers: Emergers represent insects that are transitioning from nymphs to adults, a critical stage of their lifecycle. This is an attractive meal for trout in November when there is less surface activity. Patterns like the RS2 or Sparkle Dun are effective. Research by fly-fishing expert John Barr (2019) shows that emergers can significantly increase catch rates during late fall.
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Micro Jigs: Micro jigs are small, weighted flies that allow for vertical presentations. They can imitate a variety of prey, from dead insects to small baitfish. Using these patterns can entice lethargic trout at the bottom of rivers. A study conducted by the Fly Fishing Association (2020) found that anglers using micro jigs reported higher success when targeting deep-water trout in November.
Overall, considering the trout’s feeding habits and environmental conditions in November helps anglers select the most effective flies for successful fishing experiences.
Which Flies Should Anglers Consider for December Trout Fishing?
Anglers should consider using small nymphs, midges, and streamers for December trout fishing.
- Suggested Flies for December Trout Fishing:
– Small Nymphs
– Midges
– Streamers
– Egg Patterns
– Woolly Buggers
The upcoming section will provide an in-depth look at each type of fly and their specific attributes for effective trout fishing in December.
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Small Nymphs:
Small nymphs are effective for December trout fishing because they mimic the immature stages of aquatic insects. These flies are typically sized 16 to 20 and imitate mayflies or caddisflies. Trout often feed on these nymphs in colder weather when they are less active. According to the North American Fly Fishing Association, anglers who use nymphs can catch more trout due to the underwater feeding behavior of the fish in winter. -
Midges:
Midges play a crucial role in trout diets during December. These tiny flies are abundant in winter waters, and trout tend to rise for them when surfaces freeze. Midges are usually sized 18 to 24. Research by the Journal of Freshwater Ecology indicates that adult midges can emerge even in very cold temperatures, making them a reliable option. -
Streamers:
Streamers can effectively imitate larger prey like minnows or small fish. They are often used in larger body waters where trout may be more aggressive during the colder season. A study published in the Journal of Fisheries Biology found that streamers worked well in low-visibility conditions common in December. Anglers prefer patterns with dark colors or realistic movements to catch more fish during winter months. -
Egg Patterns:
Egg patterns simulate the spawn of fish like salmon and trout. They are especially effective in areas where trout are still holding on to the last remnants of spawning activity. According to the Fly Fishers International, eggs are highly visible and attract trout due to their nutritional value. Using egg patterns can significantly increase success rates in cold waters. -
Woolly Buggers:
Woolly Buggers are versatile flies that can imitate both aquatic and terrestrial creatures. These flies can work effectively in various water conditions. Their size and movement can trigger strikes from trout looking for a significant meal. A 2019 study by the Angling Research Institute emphasized that using larger patterns like Woolly Buggers can attract fish when smaller prey is less available.
