How to Start a Saltwater Fish Aquarium: Easy Setup Guide for Beginners [Updated on- 2024]

To start a saltwater fish aquarium, first choose a good location. Assemble your tank and add live sand. Create an aquascape using dry live rock. Fill the tank with saltwater and add nitrifying bacteria. Lastly, turn on the pump, set the heater, and place coral inside. Enjoy your new aquatic environment!

Begin by preparing the tank. Rinse it with plain water, avoiding soaps or chemicals. Once clean, add substrate, like crushed coral or live sand, to provide a natural environment. After this, fill the tank with saltwater. You can mix salt with distilled water, following the manufacturer’s instructions for the correct salinity level.

Install the aquarium equipment, then let the tank cycle. This process establishes beneficial bacteria, essential for fish health. It can take several weeks to complete. Test the water regularly for ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate levels during cycling.

With your tank ready, you can explore suitable fish options. Selecting compatible species is crucial for a thriving community. Consider starting with hardier fish, such as clownfish or damselfish, as your first inhabitants. This preparation sets the foundation for a successful aquarium journey. In the next section, we will delve into fish selection and care to enhance your aquarium experience.

Table of Contents

What is a Saltwater Fish Aquarium and Why Should You Start One?

A saltwater fish aquarium is an enclosed aquatic environment that houses marine fish and other saltwater organisms. These aquariums typically contain a controlled water system with specific salinity levels necessary for the survival of saltwater species.

The definition is supported by the Marine Conservation Society, which describes saltwater aquariums as systems that recreate oceanic conditions necessary for marine life. This definition highlights the importance of proper water chemistry and temperature management.

A saltwater aquarium involves various components, such as filtration systems, protein skimmers, lighting, and substrate. These systems work together to maintain optimal conditions for fish, corals, and invertebrates. A healthy saltwater aquarium mimics natural ecosystems, requiring careful planning and maintenance.

According to the American Association of Zoo Keepers, many saltwater fish require specific diets and habitats. Key terms include live rock, which provides natural filtration, and corals, which are symbiotic organisms that contribute to the health of the aquarium ecosystem.

Common challenges include maintaining water parameters, preventing disease outbreaks, and managing algae growth. Additionally, improper setup and maintenance can lead to fish deaths and system failures.

A study by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration states that marine aquariums have seen a 20% growth in popularity over the past decade. This trend projects an increase in marine conservation efforts and heightened interest in sustainable practices within the aquarium hobby.

Maintaining a saltwater fish aquarium promotes biodiversity, contributes to conservation, and enhances individual well-being through stress relief and learning. Healthy aquariums can foster awareness about ocean ecosystems and the need for their protection.

From an economic perspective, the marine aquarium trade generated approximately $1 billion globally in 2021, with positive implications for community livelihoods linked to sustainable practices.

The Marine Aquarium Council recommends responsible sourcing of fish and coral to ensure sustainability. Implementing practices such as using captive-bred species and reducing overharvesting can help protect marine habitats.

Strategies to mitigate risks include investing in proper filtration systems and regularly testing water quality. Technologies like automated monitoring can enhance maintenance efficiency and overall fish health.

What Equipment Do You Need to Set Up a Saltwater Fish Aquarium?

To set up a saltwater fish aquarium, you need specific equipment to ensure a healthy environment for marine life.

Aquarium Tank
Aquarium Stand
Filtration System
Heating System
Lighting System
Salt Mix
Pump
Live Rock or Substrate
Water Testing Kits
Maintenance Tools

Understanding the essential equipment is crucial for successfully setting up a saltwater aquarium. Each piece of equipment plays a significant role in maintaining a stable and healthy environment for fish and other marine organisms.

Aquarium Tank:
An aquarium tank serves as the primary habitat for your fish. Size considerations vary. A 20-gallon tank is suitable for beginners, while larger tanks offer more stability and habitat options. Proper tank size helps prevent water quality issues. The Marine Conservation Society advises selecting a tank size based on the fish species’ adult size and swimming needs.
Aquarium Stand:
The aquarium stand supports the weight of the tank and should match its size. Choose a sturdy stand that is level. A poorly constructed stand can lead to accidents. An appropriately sized and positioned stand also improves accessibility for maintenance.
Filtration System:
A filtration system cleans the water by removing debris and toxins. Two main types are mechanical and biological filters. Mechanical filters capture particles, while biological filters cultivate beneficial bacteria that break down harmful substances. According to the University of Florida, a good filtration system is essential for maintaining water quality in saltwater environments.
Heating System:
A heating system maintains the optimal water temperature for marine fish, generally between 72°F and 78°F. The aquarium heater must be suitable for the tank’s size. Failure to regulate temperature can lead to stress or death in fish. The Marine Aquarist Society recommends using a heater with a thermostat for accuracy.
Lighting System:
An appropriate lighting system promotes plant growth and enhances the visibility of fish. LED lights are energy-efficient and customizable. The duration and intensity of light affect fish behavior and health. The Aquarium Hobbyist Journal suggests providing 8-10 hours of light daily to mimic natural conditions.
Salt Mix:
Salt mix is essential for creating seawater in your aquarium. High-quality salt mixes ensure proper mineral balance. According to fishkeeping experts, using a mix that mirrors the natural ocean environment promotes fish health.
Pump:
A pump circulates water throughout the tank to ensure even distribution of temperature and nutrients. You can choose between powerheads and return pumps. The pump size should match the tank volume and filtration requirements. Poor circulation can lead to stagnation, which harms fish health.
Live Rock or Substrate:
Live rock or substrate provides a natural habitat for fish and contributes to biological filtration. Live rock hosts beneficial bacteria that assist in breaking down waste. The use of live rock is preferred over artificial décor by many aquarists for its aesthetic and ecological benefits.
Water Testing Kits:
Water testing kits measure parameters like pH, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate levels. Regular testing ensures water quality remains suitable for marine life. Hobbyists should test water weekly after setup, then monthly to maintain conditions. The American Marine Society recommends regular testing as critical for long-term success.
Maintenance Tools:
Maintenance tools, such as nets, algae scrapers, and siphons, help keep the aquarium clean and healthy. Regular maintenance prevents algae buildup and waste accumulation. Using proper tools makes maintenance easier and less stressful for both the aquarist and the fish.

With this comprehensive understanding of the equipment needed for a saltwater fish aquarium, beginners can approach the setup process with confidence. Careful planning and proper equipment ensure a sustainable environment for marine life.

What Type of Tank Should You Choose for Your Saltwater Fish Aquarium?

Choosing the right tank for a saltwater fish aquarium depends on various factors including size, type of system, and specific needs of the fish.

The main types of tanks to consider are:
1. Fish-Only Tank
2. Reef Tank
3. FOWLR (Fish Only With Live Rock) Tank
4. Nano Tank
5. Custom Built Tank

These options offer different benefits and limitations. Each tank type supports varied ecosystems and can house different species of fish. It’s important to match the tank type with the specific goals and preferences of the aquarist.

Now, let’s explore each type in detail to understand their characteristics and best use cases.

Fish-Only Tank:
A fish-only tank focuses exclusively on fish species. This setup typically requires fewer equipment investments. It allows more flexibility in fish selection. The focus remains on providing a suitable environment for the fish without the complications of corals or live rock. It is generally easier to maintain compared to other systems, but it limits biodiversity.
Reef Tank:
A reef tank contains not only fish but also corals and other marine life. This type of aquarium requires advanced lighting, filtration, and water quality management. The conditions must support both fish and coral health. According to a study by the Coral Triangle Initiative, maintaining a reef ecosystem can mimic the natural habitats of marine life. This tank type is more challenging but offers a vibrant underwater landscape.
FOWLR (Fish Only With Live Rock) Tank:
A FOWLR tank combines the simplicity of a fish-only setup with the benefits of live rock. Live rock offers natural filtration and habitat for fish, while still excluding corals. This type permits a wider range of fish species. Studies by the Marine Conservation Society indicate that live rock helps stabilize water conditions, providing a beneficial home for the fish.
Nano Tank:
A nano tank is a small aquarium typically under 30 gallons. It is ideal for beginners due to its smaller footprint. However, it poses unique challenges, such as rapid water parameter changes. Nano tanks allow for the keeping of smaller fish and invertebrates. According to the Aquatic Life Institute, well-maintained nano tanks can still thrive, offering engaging displays even in limited space.
Custom Built Tank:
A custom-built tank offers versatility in size and design. Aquarists can tailor the setup for specific fish species or aquascaping needs. This option can be more expensive and requires careful planning. Custom tanks can also include specialized filtration systems, ensuring optimal conditions for aquatic life. The Aquarist’s Guild recommends careful consideration of materials and local regulations for large installations.

In conclusion, your choice of tank will greatly impact your saltwater aquarium’s success. Each tank type has its distinct advantages and challenges, so aligning the tank type with your preferences and goals is crucial for thriving marine life.

What Filtration System is Best for a Saltwater Fish Aquarium?

The best filtration system for a saltwater fish aquarium typically includes a combination of mechanical, biological, and chemical filtration methods.

Types of Filtration Systems:
– Canister Filters
– Sump Filters
– Hang-on Back Filters
– Protein Skimmers
– Inline Filters

The selection of a filtration system can significantly affect water quality and the health of marine life. Each type has its advantages and potential drawbacks.

Canister Filters:
Canister filters are external canisters that provide high-capacity filtration. They utilize various filter media to perform mechanical, biological, and chemical filtration. They are often recommended for larger tanks because of their efficiency in maintaining water clarity and quality. According to a study by the Journal of Fish and Aquatic Sciences (2022), canister filters can remove particulate matter effectively, thus promoting healthier aquatic environments.
Sump Filters:
Sump filters are integrated into the aquarium’s design and provide a multi-stage filtration process. They involve a separate tank that houses filter media, which can include sponge, foam, and activated carbon. Sump filters facilitate easy maintenance and increase water contact with beneficial bacteria. The American Aquatic Society (2021) emphasizes that sump filters allow for a larger volume of water circulation, improving overall tank stability.
Hang-on Back Filters:
Hang-on back filters attach to the rear of the aquarium. They are user-friendly and work by pulling water from the tank, filtering it, and returning it back. They are ideal for smaller aquariums. However, they may not be as efficient for larger setups. A comparison done by Marine Aquarist Magazine (2023) indicates that these filters are suitable for beginners due to their simplicity but may require more frequent maintenance.
Protein Skimmers:
Protein skimmers specifically target organic waste products in the water. They work by creating a large surface area that allows protein and other pollutants to adhere to bubbles, which are then removed from the water. This is particularly important in saltwater systems, where waste buildup can rapidly affect water quality. Research by Coral Reef Management Journal (2020) indicates that effective skimming can significantly enhance oxygen levels and remove harmful substances.
Inline Filters:
Inline filters are connected directly to the water pump of the tank. They serve the purpose of removing debris and contaminants without taking up space inside the aquarium. They often provide a strong flow rate but require precise installation. An article in the Aquatic Systems Review (2022) notes that inline filters can be advantageous in larger setups where space is limited for traditional filtration methods.

In summary, the choice of a filtration system for a saltwater fish aquarium depends on tank size, desired maintenance level, and specific filtration needs. Each filtration type has unique benefits that contribute to an aquarium’s health and aesthetic, making it essential for aquarium owners to evaluate their options carefully.

What Lighting Considerations Are Important for a Saltwater Fish Aquarium?

Lighting considerations for a saltwater fish aquarium are vital for the health of both the fish and the aquatic plants. Proper lighting promotes photosynthesis in corals and plants while also enhancing the visual appeal of the aquarium.

Light intensity
Light spectrum
Duration of light exposure
Type of lighting fixture
Placement of lights
Consideration for coral species

To better understand the importance of these factors, let’s examine each aspect in greater detail.

Light Intensity:
Light intensity refers to the strength or brightness of the light. It is crucial because corals and certain fish species require specific light levels for optimal growth. High-intensity lighting supports photosynthesis and is often necessary for photosynthetic corals like Acropora. Aiming for an intensity measurement between 100 to 300 PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation) at the coral depth can yield healthy growth.
Light Spectrum:
Light spectrum denotes the range of wavelengths emitted by a light source. Saltwater aquariums benefit from a spectrum that mimics natural sunlight, emphasizing blue and purple light around 400 to 500 nanometers. These wavelengths are essential for coral photosynthesis and enhance the colors of fish, making them more vibrant. Bulbs like T5 HO (high output) and LED lights are popular for their spectrum quality.
Duration of Light Exposure:
Duration of light exposure refers to the number of hours the aquarium lights are on each day. Most aquariums should have about 10 to 12 hours of light exposure. This duration helps establish a consistent day and night cycle for the fish and corals. Inconsistent exposure can lead to algae growth or stress among the inhabitants.
Type of Lighting Fixture:
Type of lighting fixture includes various options such as LED, fluorescent, and metal halide lights. Each type has its pros and cons. For instance, LEDs are energy-efficient and have adjustable spectra, while metal halides produce intense light but consume more energy and generate heat. The right choice depends on the needs of the aquarium inhabitants and the desired aesthetics.
Placement of Lights:
Placement of lights involves determining how high the fixtures should be above the water surface. For optimal coverage, fixtures should be positioned to minimize shadows over the aquarium. The placement can affect the distribution of light intensity and can vary based on the type of fixture used. Generally, keeping lights around 6 to 12 inches above the water helps in achieving a balanced light spread.
Consideration for Coral Species:
Consideration for coral species entails understanding the different light requirements for various types of corals. Some corals, like SPS (Small Polyp Stony), need high light intensity, while others, like LPS (Large Polyp Stony), can thrive with lower light conditions. Researching specific coral needs ensures that the right lighting conditions support their growth and health.

In conclusion, careful consideration of light intensity, spectrum, duration, fixture type, placement, and coral requirements is crucial for maintaining a thriving saltwater fish aquarium.

How Should You Cycle Your Saltwater Fish Aquarium Effectively?

Cycling a saltwater fish aquarium effectively involves establishing beneficial bacteria that process harmful ammonia and nitrites into less harmful nitrates. This process typically takes 4 to 8 weeks, depending on various factors. During cycling, ammonia levels should peak before dropping, indicating the establishment of a stable bacterial colony.

The cycling process can include three methods: fish-in cycling, fishless cycling, and using live rock. Fish-in cycling involves adding a small number of hardy fish while monitoring ammonia and nitrite levels. This method can be harmful to fish due to ammonia spikes. Fishless cycling uses ammonia source, such as pure ammonia solution, to promote bacteria growth without fish. This method is more humane and results in safer conditions. Lastly, using live rock introduces live bacteria directly into the tank along with beneficial microorganisms, often speeding up the cycle.

Specific data points indicate that ammonia levels should rise to 2-5 ppm during cycling. After one to two weeks, nitrite levels usually peak and then drop, signaling the bacteria that convert nitrites are thriving. The completion of the cycle can be confirmed through tests showing consistently low ammonia and nitrite levels.

External factors can influence the cycling process. Water temperature, salinity, and pH levels play roles in the effectiveness of bacterial growth. Ideally, the temperature should be between 75-82°F, salinity around 1.020-1.025 specific gravity, and pH levels from 8.1 to 8.4. Variations in environmental conditions, such as using untreated tap water versus dechlorinated water, can also impact cycling efficiency and time.

In summary, cycling a saltwater fish aquarium is an essential and time-sensitive process that can take several weeks. The method chosen for cycling, alongside careful monitoring of water parameters, ensures a successful start for the aquarium ecosystem. Further exploration could include studying the role of various strains of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle or understanding the biofilter systems that can assist in cycling.

What Saltwater Fish Are Best for Beginners?

The best saltwater fish for beginners include species that are hardy, easy to care for, and generally tolerant of varying water conditions.

Clownfish
Damselfish
Royal Grama
Gobies
Firefish
Bleeding Heart Tetra
Pajama Cardinalfish

These types of fish offer a range of colors and sizes, making them appealing for new aquarium owners. They also have varying levels of social behavior and water condition tolerance.

1. Clownfish:
Clownfish are popular for beginners due to their bright colors and hardiness. Clownfish can adapt to fluctuating water conditions. They usually grow to 4-5 inches long and can live up to 10 years. According to a study by W. W. K. Wong in 2021, clownfish exhibit symbiotic relationships with sea anemones, providing an enriching environment for new aquarists to observe.

2. Damselfish:
Damselfish are resilient and colorful, making them suitable for novice aquarists. They are small, usually around 3-4 inches long. Damselfish defend their territory, which allows beginners to observe natural behaviors. Research from J. W. Smith (2019) highlights how their territorial nature can help new fish owners learn about fish aggression and community dynamics.

3. Royal Grama:
Royal Grammas are small, peaceful fish that rarely exceed 3 inches in length. They are easy to care for and thrive in a variety of conditions. Their striking purple and yellow colors add vibrancy to any tank. According to a 2020 study by F. G. Edwards, their peaceful disposition helps maintain harmony in community tanks.

4. Gobies:
Gobies include various species that are ideal for beginners due to their small size and ease of care. They often grow to about 2-4 inches long and are bottom dwellers that help aerate the substrate. Aesthetically pleasing and peaceful, gobies make excellent additions to beginner aquariums. Research from A. M. Lewis (2022) shows gobies contribute to tank cleanliness by sifting through the substrate.

5. Firefish:
Firefish are interesting fish known for their stunning coloration and darting movements. They grow to about 3 inches long and display minimal aggression. Firefish usually prefer to hide in their surroundings, making tank setup important for comfort. A survey by the Marine Aquarist Association in 2021 noted their compatibility with other peaceful species, which is beneficial for beginners.

6. Bleeding Heart Tetra:
Bleeding Heart Tetras can be a suitable addition to a saltwater tank due to their hardiness and peaceful behavior. They generally grow to 2-3 inches. Their easy care requirements and attractive coloration make them appealing for novice aquarists. Studies show that they flourish in schools, promoting a sense of community within the tank.

7. Pajama Cardinalfish:
Pajama Cardinalfish are peaceful and active swimmers, growing to about 3 inches. They are night-active and have unique stripes that make them visually interesting. Their adaptability to various water conditions makes them ideal for beginners. According to the Journal of Fish Biology, Pajama Cardinalfish can help beginners understand the dynamics of day-night cycles in the marine environment.

How Many Fish Can You Keep in Your Saltwater Fish Aquarium Without Overcrowding?

The general guideline for stocking a saltwater fish aquarium is to allow one inch of fish per gallon of water. This rule suggests that a 20-gallon tank can typically house about 20 inches of fish. However, the actual number of fish you can keep varies based on species, size, and compatibility.

Different species of fish have different space requirements. Larger species, like tangs or groupers, need more swimming room, while smaller species, like gobies or clownfish, can thrive in smaller areas. For instance, a pair of clownfish may do well in a 20-gallon tank, while a single tang would require at least a 75-gallon tank due to its larger size and active nature.

Water quality also significantly influences how many fish you can keep. A well-maintained aquarium will support a denser population than one with fluctuating water conditions. Overcrowding can lead to stress, competition for resources, and increased waste, resulting in water quality deterioration.

Additionally, factors such as filtration capacity, live rock, and presence of invertebrates impact overall stocking levels. Good filtration can support a higher fish count by efficiently managing waste products. Live rock provides natural hiding spaces, which can help strategize stocking levels as it creates a more enriching environment for fish.

In conclusion, while the one inch per gallon rule offers a starting point, it is essential to consider specific fish needs, tank conditions, and compatibility. For optimal results, research individual fish species and regularly monitor tank conditions. Further exploration of these factors can enhance your aquarium experience and ensure a healthy environment for your fish.

What Maintenance Tasks Are Critical for a Healthy Saltwater Fish Aquarium?

To maintain a healthy saltwater fish aquarium, several critical tasks must be performed regularly. These tasks ensure a stable environment for the fish and other aquatic life.

Key Maintenance Tasks for a Healthy Saltwater Fish Aquarium:
1. Regular water testing
2. Routine water changes
3. Cleaning substrate and decorations
4. Monitoring equipment function
5. Managing tank temperature and salinity
6. Inspecting fish for health issues
7. Feeding fish properly and timely

To elaborate on these maintenance tasks, each task plays a fundamental role in the overall health of your aquarium.

Regular Water Testing: Regular water testing helps maintain optimal water quality. Test parameters include pH, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and salinity. The ideal pH for most saltwater aquariums ranges from 8.1 to 8.4. Regular tests identify problems early, preventing harmful conditions for fish and invertebrates.
Routine Water Changes: Routine water changes refresh the tank’s environment. Change about 10-15% of the water weekly to reduce pollutants and replenish trace elements. According to a study by Smith et al. (2021), consistent water changes significantly improve the health and longevity of marine life.
Cleaning Substrate and Decorations: Cleaning substrate and decorations removes debris and harmful bacteria. Use a siphon to vacuum the substrate during water changes. Removing algae or waste often prevents disease outbreaks, promoting a cleaner habitat.
Monitoring Equipment Function: Regularly check the function of equipment such as filters, heaters, and lighting systems. Equipment failure can lead to rapid declines in water quality. Studies indicate that malfunctioning heaters are a common cause of fish stress and mortality.
Managing Tank Temperature and Salinity: Maintaining optimal temperature and salinity levels is crucial. The general temperature range for saltwater tanks is 75-80°F. Salinity should ideally be between 1.020 and 1.025 specific gravity. Fluctuations in these parameters can stress fish and cause illness.
Inspecting Fish for Health Issues: Regularly inspect fish for signs of disease or stress. Common symptoms include changes in behavior, discoloration, or unusual growths. Early detection of disease can lead to successful treatments, as indicated by the research of Jones (2022) on fish health management.
Feeding Fish Properly and Timely: Proper feeding supports the health of fish. Feed high-quality marine flakes or pellets tailored to the species in your aquarium. Overfeeding can lead to water quality issues, while underfeeding can impair fish health. A balanced diet ensures robust immune systems in fish.

By adhering to these maintenance tasks, aquarium owners can create a thriving environment that fosters the health and vitality of saltwater fish and ecosystems.

How Often Should You Test Water Parameters in Your Saltwater Fish Aquarium?

You should test water parameters in your saltwater fish aquarium at least once a week. Regular testing helps monitor essential factors like pH, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and salinity. Weekly tests catch any sudden changes in water quality before they affect fish health. If you are setting up a new aquarium, test more frequently, about every few days, until the tank stabilizes. During periods of stress, such as disease outbreaks or after adding new fish, conduct tests more often. Consistent testing ensures a stable environment, which is crucial for the well-being of your aquatic life.

What Common Challenges Should You Be Aware of When Starting a Saltwater Fish Aquarium?

Starting a saltwater fish aquarium presents unique challenges that beginners should be aware of. Understanding these challenges helps to prepare for successful aquarium maintenance and fish health management.

High Initial Costs
Complex Water Chemistry
Equipment Requirements
Specific Habitat Needs
Compatibility of Fish Species
Regular Maintenance Needs

These challenges encompass various aspects, from financial commitment to ongoing care, and addressing them requires careful consideration and planning.

High Initial Costs:
High initial costs occur due to the expenses related to purchasing equipment, live rock, and fish. Setting up a saltwater aquarium often costs between $500 to $2,000, depending on size and quality. A 2021 study by Aquatic Research found that beginners often underestimate these costs, leading to budget issues.
Complex Water Chemistry:
Complex water chemistry involves understanding the balance of salinity, pH, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate levels. Maintaining the right conditions is crucial since marine species often require specific parameters. For instance, most saltwater fish thrive at a salinity level of 1.020 to 1.025 specific gravity. According to a report by The Marine Aquarium Council, improper chemistry can lead to fish stress or death.
Equipment Requirements:
Equipment requirements include not only the tank and filtration system but also heaters, protein skimmers, and lighting. A robust filtration system is essential to ensure the tank remains clean and the water quality stays high. Research by Fish Aquarium Science (2022) suggests that investing in high-quality equipment can significantly affect long-term success.
Specific Habitat Needs:
Specific habitat needs refer to the unique environments that different species require. For example, reef fish may need live rock and corals for shelter and algae to graze. The Fish and Wildlife Service (2020) emphasizes the importance of replicating these natural habitats to support the well-being of the fish.
Compatibility of Fish Species:
Compatibility of fish species involves ensuring that the selected fish can coexist without aggression. Some species, like clownfish, may be more territorial. The American Aquarium Association suggests researching potential species before making a selection to avoid conflicts.
Regular Maintenance Needs:
Regular maintenance needs cover tasks such as water testing, cleaning equipment, and performing water changes. Experts recommend changing 10-15% of the aquarium water weekly to maintain water quality. A study by Marine Care Journal (2023) estimates that neglecting these tasks can lead to disease and poor fish health.

Understanding these challenges can guide beginners in making informed decisions about starting and maintaining a saltwater fish aquarium successfully.

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