To start small-scale fish farming, follow these steps: 1. Identify your target market. 2. Choose suitable land for your pond. 3. Design the pond for optimal fish health. 4. Select fish species that fit your market. 5. Develop effective feeding strategies. Research thoroughly for clarity and profitability.
After selecting your fish, prepare a suitable habitat. You can use outdoor ponds, tanks, or aquaponics systems. Ensure the water is clean and adequately aerated. Maintaining proper water quality is crucial for fish health. You should regularly test for pH levels, ammonia, and nitrate content.
Feeding your fish is also important. Provide a balanced diet specific to the species you are farming. Monitor their growth and health status frequently.
As you gain experience, consider expanding your operation or diversifying your species. This can lead to increased profits and learning opportunities.
In summary, starting fish farming on a small scale is achievable with careful planning and dedication. Now that you understand the fundamentals of setting up a backyard fish farm, let’s explore essential tips for ensuring the success and sustainability of your operation.
What Is Fish Farming on a Small Scale?
Fish farming on a small scale is the practice of cultivating fish in controlled environments for personal consumption or local sales. This method typically involves smaller ponds, tanks, or aquariums.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, small-scale aquaculture provides food security and economic benefits. It emphasizes sustainable practices that support local communities and ecosystems.
Small-scale fish farming encompasses various species, including tilapia, catfish, and trout. Farmers can use techniques like pond management, recirculating systems, or aquaponics. These approaches help optimize water use and enhance fish growth.
The World Bank defines aquaculture as the farming of aquatic organisms under controlled conditions. This definition underscores the potential for fish farming to contribute to protein sources, especially in developing regions.
Contributing factors to successful small-scale fish farming include water quality, species selection, and feeding practices. Environmental conditions, access to resources, and knowledge about fish behavior also play significant roles.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, global aquaculture production reached 114.5 million tons in 2020. Projections predict that by 2030, aquaculture could supply more than 50% of the world’s seafood demand.
Fish farming impacts food security, local economies, and community health. It can reduce overfishing, provide fresh protein sources, and create job opportunities.
Health benefits include improved nutrition and potential economic gains for communities. Environmentally, it can reduce the strain on wild fish populations.
Successful examples include backyard systems for families and community-managed ponds that support local fish markets.
To enhance small-scale fish farming practices, experts recommend adopting sustainable feeding, proper water management, and regular health checks. The Aquaculture Stewardship Council emphasizes eco-friendly practices to support sustainable growth.
Innovative technologies like automated feeding systems, water quality monitoring tools, and educational resources can improve efficiency and sustainability in small-scale fish farming.
What Are the Benefits of Small Scale Fish Farming?
The benefits of small-scale fish farming include food security, economic opportunity, environmental sustainability, and local community support.
- Food Security
- Economic Opportunity
- Environmental Sustainability
- Local Community Support
The above benefits illustrate how small-scale fish farming can positively impact individuals and communities. Each benefit deserves a thorough exploration.
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Food Security:
Food security refers to the availability of sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet dietary needs. Small-scale fish farming enhances food security by providing a reliable source of protein. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), aquaculture produced approximately 82 million tons of fish in 2018, largely from small-scale operations. By growing fish locally, families can lower their dependence on commercial fish supply chains, which can be inconsistent. -
Economic Opportunity:
Economic opportunity arises from small-scale fish farming as it creates jobs and generates income. Farmers can sell their fish in local markets, allowing them to earn revenue. A 2020 study from the World Bank reported that small-scale aquaculture can improve livelihoods for millions of people, particularly in developing countries. For example, women in rural areas often engage in such farming, leading to greater financial independence. -
Environmental Sustainability:
Environmental sustainability emphasizes the need to preserve natural resources. Small-scale fish farms often use less water and reduce the carbon footprint compared to larger operations. A study published in the Journal of Cleaner Production highlighted that small-scale aquaculture systems generally incorporate eco-friendly practices, like integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), which utilizes waste products from fish to grow plants, resulting in less waste and better resource use. -
Local Community Support:
Local community support arises from the social and cultural connections formed through small-scale fish farming. As fish farming activities increase local food availability, communities become more resilient. Research by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) indicates that stronger community ties can occur when resources, such as fish, are produced locally. This creates a sense of pride and unity among farmers and their communities.
In summary, small-scale fish farming is a valuable activity that addresses food security, promotes economic opportunities, furthers environmental sustainability, and enhances local community ties. Each benefit has been substantiated by various studies and real-world examples, supporting the significance of this farming model.
What Equipment Do You Need to Start Small Scale Fish Farming?
To start small scale fish farming, you need specific equipment. This equipment includes water tanks, aeration systems, filtration systems, water testing kits, and feed management tools.
- Water tanks
- Aeration system
- Filtration system
- Water testing kits
- Feed management tools
Now that we have identified the essential equipment for small scale fish farming, let’s delve into a detailed explanation of each item.
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Water Tanks: Water tanks are the primary containers where fish are raised. They come in various sizes and materials, such as fiberglass or polyethylene. Proper tank size is crucial; for instance, a larger tank accommodates more fish, leading to higher productivity. According to a study by the FAO in 2020, using appropriately sized tanks can improve fish survival rates and growth.
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Aeration System: An aeration system ensures the water has sufficient oxygen for fish survival. It introduces air into the water, typically through air pumps and diffusers. A well-aerated environment promotes faster growth and health in fish populations. The Aquaculture Journal states that inadequate oxygen levels can lead to stressed fish and lower production rates.
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Filtration System: A filtration system maintains water quality by removing waste and harmful substances. Various filtration types include mechanical, biological, and chemical filters. Each plays a role in ensuring a safe habitat for fish. According to research from the Aquatic Sciences, maintaining clean water can prevent diseases and enhance the overall productivity of the farm.
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Water Testing Kits: Water testing kits allow farmers to monitor key water parameters, including pH, ammonia, and nitrate levels. These levels directly impact fish health and growth. Routinely testing water quality helps farmers make necessary adjustments. A study cited by the Aquaculture Association highlighted that regular testing reduces the risk of fish deaths due to poor water conditions.
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Feed Management Tools: Feed management tools include feeders that distribute food efficiently. Proper feeding is essential for optimal fish growth and health. Automated feeders can help in providing consistent amounts of feed at set intervals. As noted in a research report by the Fish Feed Institute, proper feeding practices can significantly enhance feed conversion ratios, meaning more fish can be raised with less feed, making farming more profitable.
What Type of Tank or Pond Is Suitable for Small Scale Fish Farming?
The suitable types of tanks or ponds for small-scale fish farming include both artificial and natural environments that are conducive to fish growth and health.
- Earthen Ponds
- Cement Tanks
- Plastic Tanks
- Fiberglass Tanks
- Raised Beds
- Indoor Aquaponics Systems
These options cater to different needs and preferences, offering flexibility in design and maintenance. Some may prioritize cost-effectiveness, while others may focus on aesthetics or specific water chemistry.
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Earthen Ponds:
Earthen ponds serve as an effective option for small-scale fish farming. These ponds are constructed by excavating soil and creating a natural ecosystem for fish. They are cost-efficient and allow for natural filtration through the soil. A study by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) indicates that earthen ponds can successfully support various species of fish, including tilapia and catfish. -
Cement Tanks:
Cement tanks are durable and easy to maintain, making them ideal for small-scale aquaculture. They offer better control over water conditions compared to earthen ponds. Additionally, they can prevent predator access. A study by the University of Nairobi shows that cement tanks can support a high stocking density, thus increasing overall yield. -
Plastic Tanks:
Plastic tanks provide a lightweight and portable option for small-scale fish farming. They are resistant to rust and corrosion. Plastic tanks are suitable for intensive rearing of fish in a smaller area. Research from Purdue University highlights the benefits of using plastic tanks, citing their effectiveness in aquaponics setups. -
Fiberglass Tanks:
Fiberglass tanks present a strong and long-lasting option for fish farming. They prevent algae growth and are easy to clean. This type of tank offers excellent insulation for maintaining stable water temperatures. A 2021 study by Aquaculture Research found that fiberglass tanks yield high survival rates and growth rates for various fish species. -
Raised Beds:
Raised beds can accommodate fish farming alongside plant cultivation in aquaponics systems. These setups use gravel beds to support both fish and plants symbiotically. Research conducted by the International Aquaponics Association shows that raised beds in aquaponics contribute to sustainable farming by maximizing space and resources efficiently. -
Indoor Aquaponics Systems:
Indoor aquaponics systems utilize controlled environments to cultivate fish and plants simultaneously. These compact systems are suited for urban settings where space is limited. They promote water conservation and reduce the need for chemical fertilizers. According to a 2019 study by Dr. Amy Faulkner, indoor aquaponics fosters sustainable food production and can significantly reduce transportation-related emissions.
In summary, choosing the right tank or pond type for small-scale fish farming depends on individual goals, budget, and available space. Each option has distinct advantages that can cater to different farming needs.
What Specific Feeding Supplies Are Required for Fish Farming?
The specific feeding supplies required for fish farming include a variety of commercial feeds and supplements designed to meet the nutritional needs of different fish species.
- Types of Feeding Supplies:
– Floating Fish Feed
– Sinking Fish Feed
– Pelletized Feed
– Nutritional Supplements
– Live Feed (e.g., worms, shrimp)
– Frozen Feed
– Automatic Feeders
– Feed Storage Containers
To properly explore the various feeding supplies, it is essential to understand the purpose of each item in supporting a healthy fish farming operation.
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Floating Fish Feed:
Floating fish feed is designed to remain on the water’s surface. This type appeals to species like catfish and tilapia that naturally feed on or near the surface. Floating feed allows farmers to monitor consumption easily. According to a study by the International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies (2021), floating feeds improve feed conversion rates in many species. -
Sinking Fish Feed:
Sinking fish feed quickly descends in water, making it suitable for bottom-feeding fish such as carp or catfish. This feed ensures that all fish in a stock can access it without competition from surface feeders. Research published by the University of Florida’s Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (2020) indicates that sinking feeds minimize wastage, as they reduce escape from hungry fish. -
Pelletized Feed:
Pelletized feed consists of compressed particles, allowing for a balanced nutritional profile in a compact form. This type includes both floating and sinking options. Pellet sizes can be tailored based on the size of the fish. A study from the Aquaculture Nutrition Center (2019) found pelletized feeds are widely used due to their convenience and efficiency. -
Nutritional Supplements:
Nutritional supplements enhance the diet of fish, adding vitamins and minerals necessary for health and growth. These include oils rich in omega-3 fatty acids and vitamins C and E. According to research by Aquaculture Research (2018), supplements can improve fish growth rates and immune responses. -
Live Feed:
Live feed consists of live organisms such as worms or shrimp. This feed is beneficial for young fish or fry that require more dynamic nutrients. The use of live feed can mimic natural feeding behaviors, increasing the survival rate of hatchlings. A case study by the South Dakota State University (2020) showed that live feed significantly increases the morphology and health of larval fish. -
Frozen Feed:
Frozen feed is convenient and time-saving. It generally contains natural ingredients, including cut fish or crustaceans. Farmers can store these feeds, which maintain their nutritional value over time. Research in the Journal of Applied Ichthyology (2019) suggests that frozen feeds are effective alternatives for many species when live feed is unavailable. -
Automatic Feeders:
Automatic feeders distribute feed at scheduled intervals, ensuring consistent feeding. These devices can help reduce labor and manage feeding more efficiently, allowing for less waste and overfeeding. A study from the Aquaculture Engineering Journal (2021) emphasized that using automatic feeders maintains water quality and optimizes growth rates. -
Feed Storage Containers:
Proper storage is crucial for maintaining the quality of feed. Feed storage containers protect against moisture, pests, and spoilage. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines, proper storage practices extend the shelf life of feed, preventing nutritional degradation.
In conclusion, utilizing the right type of feeding supplies is critical for the success and sustainability of a fish farming operation. Different fish species often require different forms and types of feed, highlighting the importance of bespoke feeding strategies in aquaculture.
What Types of Fish Are Most Suitable for Small Scale Farming?
The most suitable types of fish for small-scale farming include tilapia, catfish, trout, and ornamental fish like goldfish and guppies.
- Tilapia
- Catfish
- Trout
- Ornamental fish (e.g., goldfish, guppies)
Considering the diverse perspectives on fish farming, it’s vital to explore the characteristics of each fish type in detail.
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Tilapia:
Tilapia is often chosen for small-scale fish farming due to its fast growth and hardiness. Tilapia can thrive in diverse water conditions and tolerate varying temperatures. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), tilapia can grow from fingerling to market size in about six months. Farmers benefit from tilapia’s efficient feed conversion ratio, requiring less feed to gain weight compared to other fish. These factors make tilapia an excellent option for beginners and small farmers looking for a reliable income source. -
Catfish:
Catfish is another popular choice for small-scale fish farms. Catfish are hardy fish that can adapt to different water conditions. They grow rapidly and can reach market size in 18 months. They are also omnivorous, which allows them to thrive on a variety of feeds, reducing feeding costs. According to the National Sea Grant College Program, catfish farming is one of the fastest-growing sectors in aquaculture, particularly in North America, thanks to its adaptability and profitability. -
Trout:
Trout farming is suitable for those with access to cooler water temperatures. Trout require well-oxygenated water and are raised primarily in ponds or raceways. These fish grow relatively quickly and can be harvested within 12 to 18 months. Research from the U.S. Department of Agriculture indicates that trout farming can be energetically sustainable when managed properly. However, it may require more technical know-how compared to tilapia or catfish. -
Ornamental Fish:
Ornamental fish, such as goldfish and guppies, represent a distinct segment of small-scale fish farming. These fish are often raised for their aesthetic appeal and are sold to aquarium enthusiasts. They require smaller spaces and less intensive care than food fish. According to a report by the United Nations, the ornamental fish industry has grown significantly, driven by global demand for home aquariums. This option can be particularly attractive for urban dwellers with limited space for traditional food fish farming.
In summary, tilapia, catfish, trout, and ornamental fish are well-suited for small-scale farming, offering varying benefits and considerations for prospective fish farmers.
How Do You Maintain Optimal Water Quality in Fish Farming?
Maintaining optimal water quality in fish farming involves regulating factors such as temperature, pH, oxygen levels, and ammonia concentrations. These factors ensure healthy fish growth and prevent disease.
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Temperature: Fish are ectothermic, meaning their body temperature matches the surrounding water. Ideal water temperatures vary by species. For example, most freshwater fish thrive between 72°F and 78°F (22°C to 26°C). Consistent measurement is essential to avoid stress-related health issues (Piper et al., 1982).
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pH Level: The pH scale measures how acidic or basic water is. Most fish prefer a pH range of 6.5 to 8.5. Regular testing helps maintain this balance. Deviations can cause stress and affect fish metabolism, leading to poor growth and higher disease susceptibility (Boyd, 1998).
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Dissolved Oxygen: Fish require oxygen dissolved in water to breathe. Levels should remain above 5 mg/L for most species. Aeration systems, such as surface agitation or aerators, can help maintain adequate oxygen levels (Webb, 1975).
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Ammonia Concentration: Ammonia is toxic to fish. It forms from fish waste and unconsumed food. The safe level is less than 0.2 mg/L for most fish. Regular water changes and the use of biological filtration systems help manage ammonia levels effectively (Hargreaves, 1998).
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Nitrite and Nitrate Levels: Two other nitrogen compounds, nitrite and nitrate, should also be monitored. Nitrite is toxic in levels above 0.5 mg/L, while nitrate should generally stay below 40 mg/L. Regular testing and water changes can control these compounds (Hargreaves & Tucker, 2000).
By systematically monitoring and adjusting these parameters, fish farmers can maintain an environment conducive to strong fish health and optimal growth. Maintaining water quality is a foundational practice in successful fish farming.
What Common Challenges Might You Encounter in Small Scale Fish Farming?
Small-scale fish farming, or aquaculture, presents several challenges that farmers may encounter. These include environmental factors, financial constraints, disease management, and market competition.
- Environmental Factors
- Financial Constraints
- Disease Management
- Market Competition
- Regulatory Compliance
The challenges associated with small-scale fish farming can have significant impacts on the success of the operation.
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Environmental Factors:
Environmental factors refer to the conditions that affect the health and growth of fish. These include water quality, temperature, and the presence of pollutants. The health of the fish directly links to the quality of water in the fish farm. According to the FAO, optimal water conditions are essential for fish growth and overall farm productivity. Poor water quality often results in lower fish survival rates. Additionally, temperature fluctuations can stress fish, leading to stunted growth or disease. For instance, if the water temperature rises above the optimal range for a species, it can lead to higher mortality rates. -
Financial Constraints:
Financial constraints involve the limited availability of funds for investing in equipment, feed, and infrastructure. Small-scale fish farmers often struggle to cover initial setup costs and ongoing expenses. The Nature Conservancy notes that inadequate funding can lead to poor production quality. Insufficient financial resources can result in inadequate feed, poor water management systems, and insufficient disease control measures. For example, without proper aeration systems, fish may suffer from low oxygen levels. -
Disease Management:
Disease management is critical in aquaculture. Fish are susceptible to various diseases and parasites, which can spread rapidly in confined environments. Effective disease management practices include regular health monitoring and maintaining optimal water quality. According to a study by the World Fish Center, up to 30% of fish can die in an outbreak if not managed effectively. The cost of prevention and treatment can strain budget-limited fish farms. For instance, the use of probiotics and vaccinations can improve fish health but may require upfront investment. -
Market Competition:
Market competition influences the pricing and sales opportunities for fish farmers. Small-scale farmers often face challenges from larger commercial operations that have economies of scale. The competition can pressure prices, making it difficult for smaller farms to remain profitable. A study by the International Aquaculture Society highlights that diversified marketing strategies can help mitigate competition. Farmers must understand market trends and consumer preferences to thrive. For example, focusing on niche or organic products can differentiate small-scale operations from larger competitors. -
Regulatory Compliance:
Regulatory compliance involves adhering to local laws and regulations related to aquaculture practices. Farmers must obtain licenses, follow health and safety standards, and manage waste effectively. Regulatory frameworks can vary widely by region and impact operational costs. The FAO emphasizes the importance of understanding these regulations to avoid penalties. Compliance can require additional training and resources, which may be challenging for small-scale operators focused on production. For example, if regulations require specific waste management practices, farmers may incur additional costs or need technical assistance to comply.
How Can You Effectively Market Fish from Your Small Scale Farming Operation?
To effectively market fish from your small-scale farming operation, focus on building a local customer base, establishing a strong online presence, and participating in community events.
Building a local customer base is essential for sustainable sales. Start by identifying restaurants, grocery stores, and local markets that prioritize fresh and locally sourced products. Establish relationships by offering samples of your fish. Highlight the benefits of purchasing local fish, such as freshness, reduced carbon footprint, and support for the local economy.
Establishing a strong online presence can significantly enhance your marketing reach. Create a professional website showcasing your farm, fish species, and cultivation methods. Use social media platforms, like Instagram and Facebook, to share images and stories about your farming process. Consider creating educational content on the nutritional benefits of fish consumption, aligning with studies that state, “Eating fish contributes to heart health and provides essential vitamins and minerals” (American Heart Association, 2021).
Participating in community events allows you to engage directly with potential customers. Look for farmers’ markets, food festivals, and local fairs. Set up a booth where you can sell your fish and provide sampling opportunities. Engage visitors by explaining your farming practices and emphasizing the quality of your fish. According to the USDA, 80% of consumers prefer to buy from local producers when given the opportunity.
Incorporating these strategies can greatly enhance your visibility and encourage demand for your fish products. By connecting with the community and establishing a reliable online presence, you position your small-scale operation for success in the competitive market of local food producers.
What Resources Are Available for Learning More About Small Scale Fish Farming?
Various resources are available for learning more about small-scale fish farming. These resources can provide practical knowledge, technical details, and best practices for successful fish farming.
- Online Courses
- Workshops and Training Programs
- Books and Guides
- Government Agricultural Extension Services
- Fish Farming Forums and Communities
- YouTube Channels and Educational Videos
- Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
- Research Journals and Publications
To develop a deeper understanding, let’s explore each resource in detail.
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Online Courses: Online courses offer structured learning for aspiring fish farmers. Websites like Coursera and Udemy feature courses from experts in aquaculture. These courses often include video lectures, quizzes, and community forums for discussion. For instance, a course titled “Aquaculture: The Future of Fish Farming” on Coursera provides comprehensive insights about fish farming practices, sustainability, and industry trends.
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Workshops and Training Programs: Many agricultural colleges and universities run workshops and hands-on training programs. These programs usually include practical sessions, allowing participants to gain experience in fish farming. For example, the University of Florida Extension offers workshops that cover pond management, stocking rates, and feed management.
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Books and Guides: Books such as “Freshwater Aquaculture: A Handbook for Small Scale Farmers” provide essential information. These written resources cover topics like species selection, water quality management, and disease control. A characteristic example is the book by Dr. Michael J. Busch, published in 2018, which serves as a complete manual for beginners.
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Government Agricultural Extension Services: Many governments provide extension services to assist farmers. These services offer access to expert advice, resources, and potential funding opportunities. In the U.S., the Cooperative Extension System connects farmers with resources tailored to regional needs, including guidelines for effective fish farming.
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Fish Farming Forums and Communities: Online forums such as Fish Farming Forum and Aquaponics Community allow fish farmers to share experiences and advice. These platforms enable users to ask questions, share successes, and learn from one another. Participants in such communities can gain different perspectives and solutions to common problems.
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YouTube Channels and Educational Videos: Various YouTube channels focus on fish farming techniques. Channels like “Fish Farming Made Easy” provide video tutorials that demonstrate best practices in fish farming. Visual learning can help new farmers understand complex information easily.
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Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs): NGOs such as WorldFish promote sustainable aquaculture. They provide resources and training to fish farmers, especially in developing countries. Their programs often involve collaboration with local communities to ensure that fish farming practices are environmentally friendly and economically viable.
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Research Journals and Publications: Academic journals like the “Journal of Aquaculture” publish research on the latest findings in fish farming. These publications are valuable for understanding new trends, technologies, and scientific methods. For example, a 2021 study in the journal highlighted innovative breeding techniques to improve fish growth rates.
Utilizing these resources can enhance your understanding and skills in small-scale fish farming, leading to success in your aquaculture endeavors.
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