Types Of Fish: How Many Are There? Explore Species, Facts, And Identification [Updated On- 2025]

There are over 33,000 recognized species of fish, making them the most diverse vertebrates. Estimates suggest the total number could range from 25,000 to 35,500. This number is higher than the combined total of all other vertebrate species, such as amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

Fish exhibit an array of colors, shapes, and sizes. This diversity helps them adapt to various aquatic environments, from freshwater lakes to the depths of the ocean. Identification of fish species often relies on observing distinct physical features, such as fin shape, scale type, and body coloration.

Understanding the types of fish is crucial for conservation and ecological studies. This knowledge aids in protecting fish habitats and maintaining biodiversity. As we explore deeper, we will examine specific fish species in greater detail, their unique characteristics, and their behaviors, which will provide valuable insights into the aquatic world.

What Are the Main Categories of Fish Species?

The main categories of fish species are divided into three primary groups: bony fish, cartilaginous fish, and jawless fish.

Bony fish
Cartilaginous fish
Jawless fish

Understanding the distinctions among these categories provides insight into the diversity of fish species. Each group showcases unique traits and adaptations that have evolved over time.

Bony Fish: Bony fish, or Osteichthyes, are characterized by a skeleton made primarily of bone. This category includes a vast majority of fish species, accounting for about 95% of all fish. Common examples of bony fish are salmon, trout, and tuna. According to the FishBase database, there are approximately 28,000 recognized species of bony fish. They typically possess swim bladders, which help with buoyancy, and most reproduce by laying eggs. A notable study by Padial et al. (2019) emphasized the ecological importance of bony fish in maintaining aquatic ecosystems.
Cartilaginous Fish: Cartilaginous fish, or Chondrichthyes, feature skeletons made of cartilage rather than bone. This group includes sharks, rays, and skates. Cartilaginous fish have a unique set of adaptations, such as electroreception, which allows them to detect electrical fields produced by other animals. According to the NOAA, there are about 1,200 species of cartilaginous fish. They are primarily predatory, and many are crucial to marine ecosystems. The population dynamics of sharks have been studied extensively, revealing their role in maintaining balance in oceanic food webs, as noted by Baum et al. (2003).
Jawless Fish: Jawless fish, or Agnatha, are the most primitive group of fish. They include species such as lampreys and hagfish, which lack jaws and paired fins. Instead, they possess unique structures for feeding, such as suckers. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) reports about 100 recognized species of jawless fish. They are often found in both freshwater and marine environments. Research conducted by Wiley and Coates (1996) highlights the evolutionary significance of jawless fish as a key group in understanding vertebrate evolution.

How Many Types of Fish Are There in Freshwater Environments?

Freshwater environments host approximately 15,000 to 20,000 species of fish globally. This number represents around 41% of all known fish species. The variations in numbers arise from unique ecological conditions and geographic distributions.

Freshwater fish can be categorized into several groups:

Teleosts: This group constitutes about 95% of all fish species. Notable examples include bass, catfish, and trout.
Cartilaginous Fish: These include species like freshwater rays and sharks, although they account for a smaller percentage compared to teleosts.
Endemic Species: Some fish are specific to certain rivers or lakes. For example, the Rio Orinoco in South America hosts unique species not found elsewhere.

Environmental factors significantly influence fish diversity. For instance, changes in water temperature, acidity, and pollution can affect fish populations. In regions with rich biodiversity, such as the Amazon River Basin, the number of species can exceed 2,000. In contrast, in isolated or extreme environments, the number of fish species may be limited.

Conservation efforts are crucial. Habitat degradation and climate change threaten fish populations. Protecting freshwater ecosystems can help sustain current species and potentially discover new ones.

In summary, freshwater environments contain between 15,000 and 20,000 fish species, primarily teleosts. Variations are influenced by geographical and environmental factors. Ongoing research and conservation are vital for understanding and preserving freshwater biodiversity. Further exploration into specific habitats and their unique fish populations can enhance knowledge in this area.

How Many Types of Fish Exist in Saltwater Environments?

Approximately 26,000 species of fish exist in saltwater environments. This number represents around 58% of all known fish species worldwide. The diversity of saltwater fish can be categorized into various groups based on their characteristics and habitats.

Firstly, bony fish, or osteichthyes, account for a significant majority. They include familiar species such as tuna, salmon, and clownfish. About 23,000 species fall into this category. Cartilaginous fish, including sharks and rays, comprise around 1,200 species. These fish have skeletons made of cartilage instead of bone, making them distinct.

Additionally, there are deep-sea fish that thrive in extreme conditions, such as the anglerfish and lanternfish. These fish adapt to high pressures and low light in their environments. Coastal and reef species, like parrotfish and lionfish, offer vibrant colors and play crucial roles in their ecosystems.

Environmental factors can influence fish diversity. Factors such as temperature, salinity, and depth affect species distribution. Coral reefs, for example, support a higher concentration of diverse fish due to the complex habitats they provide.

Despite the extensive data, it is important to acknowledge that these figures are estimates. Ongoing research may lead to the discovery of new species or revisions to existing classifications. Conservation efforts also influence fish populations and diversity in saltwater environments.

In summary, there are about 26,000 species of saltwater fish, primarily categorized into bony and cartilaginous types. Their diversity is influenced by various environmental factors, and ongoing research may further enhance our understanding of these species. Future exploration could focus on the impacts of climate change on marine biodiversity.

What Types of Fish Are Found in Brackish Water?

Brackish water is home to several types of fish adapted to its unique salinity levels. Common species include:

Mullet
Flounder
Striped bass
Tarpon
Catfish
Sheepshead
Pufferfish
Snook

Understanding these species reveals the diversity of life in brackish water ecosystems. Each species has unique adaptations and ecological roles that illustrate the complexity of these habitats.

Mullet: Mullet thrive in brackish water environments. They are known for their ability to tolerate a wide range of salinity levels. Mullet play a critical role in controlling algae populations and are a popular target for recreational fishing. According to a 2020 study by Smith et al., mullet can migrate between freshwater and saltwater, ensuring their adaptation to changing environmental conditions.
Flounder: Flounder are flatfish species commonly found in brackish waters. They exhibit a unique adaptation that allows them to camouflage against the seabed. Flounders have a diet predominantly consisting of small fish and invertebrates, helping to maintain the balance within their ecosystem. Research conducted by Johnson in 2018 highlights their critical role as predators in estuarine environments.
Striped Bass: Striped bass are migratory fish that can be found in brackish waters during their spawning season. They are valuable to both commercial and recreational fisheries. According to the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, striped bass can grow up to 50 inches in length and weigh over 50 pounds. This makes them an important species for local economies.
Tarpon: Tarpon are large fish species often found near the surface of brackish waters. They are known for their acrobatic jumps and strength. Tarpon can grow up to 8 feet long and are considered a premier game fish. A study by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission in 2021 found that tarpon populations are essential for maintaining the health of coastal ecosystems.
Catfish: Catfish species inhabit many brackish environments. They are characterized by their whisker-like barbels that help them locate food in murky waters. Catfish have a varied diet, including detritus, small fish, and aquatic insects, contributing to the nutrient cycling in their ecosystems. Research by Anderson and Miller in 2019 emphasizes their role in the food web.
Sheepshead: Sheepshead are commonly found in brackish waters around mangroves and tidal marshes. Their distinctive teeth allow them to feed on hard-shelled organisms like oysters and crabs, providing a natural method of population control for these species. A 2017 study by Garcia et al. highlighted their importance in coastal habitat health.
Pufferfish: Pufferfish inhabit brackish waters and are known for their ability to inflate to deter predators. Some species of pufferfish are toxic, which adds another layer of complexity to their interactions within their ecosystem. According to a 2020 study by Liu et al., pufferfish populations can indicate the overall health of their environments.
Snook: Snook are popular among anglers and thrive in brackish waters where they seek shelter in mangroves and estuaries. They are known for their distinctive body shape, and they can reach lengths of up to 40 inches. Research by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission in 2020 indicates that snook populations contribute significantly to local economies through fishing tourism.

These fish species collectively highlight the ecological significance and economic importance of brackish water habitats. Their unique adaptations and behaviors contribute to the overall health and biodiversity of these ecosystems.

How Do Scientists Classify Fish Species?

Scientists classify fish species using a systematic approach that involves taxonomy, morphological characteristics, genetic analysis, and ecological factors. This classification allows researchers to organize and understand the diversity of fish in various ecosystems.

Taxonomy: Taxonomy is the science of naming and grouping organisms. Fish classification often follows a hierarchical system that includes categories such as domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. For instance, the common goldfish belongs to the class Actinopterygii and the family Cyprinidae.

Morphological characteristics: Scientists examine physical traits of fish, such as body shape, fin structures, scale types, and coloration. These traits are crucial for identifying species. For example, the body shape can indicate how a fish swims or its habitat preferences, which can affect its classification.

Genetic analysis: Advances in molecular biology allow researchers to analyze the DNA of fish species. Genetic data can reveal evolutionary relationships that are not evident through physical traits alone. A study by Ward et al. (2005) demonstrated how DNA barcoding can effectively differentiate species, even among closely related ones.

Ecological factors: The habitat and behaviors of fish also play a role in classification. Scientists consider whether a species is freshwater or marine, its feeding habits, and reproductive strategies. Such ecological information helps in understanding a species’ role within its environment, as noted by Pauly et al. (2000) in their research on aquatic biodiversity.

By integrating these methods, scientists can accurately classify fish species and contribute to conservation efforts and biodiversity research. This classification aids in identifying endangered species and informs management strategies.

What Key Characteristics Are Used to Differentiate Fish Types?

The key characteristics used to differentiate fish types include anatomical structures, habitat preferences, reproductive strategies, and diet.

Anatomical structures
Habitat preferences
Reproductive strategies
Diet
Behavior patterns
Colorations and markings

These characteristics provide diverse perspectives on fish classification, as variations can lead to competing classifications. For example, some may prioritize anatomical structures, while others focus on habitat preferences.

1. Anatomical Structures:
Anatomical structures distinguish fish species based on body shapes, fin types, and skeletal arrangements. The presence of bony structures or cartilaginous frameworks categorizes fish into two main groups: bony fish (Osteichthyes) and cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes). According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), bony fish account for about 90% of all fish species. Furthermore, physical features like mouth shape can indicate feeding habits, suggesting adaptations to specific diets.

2. Habitat Preferences:
Habitat preferences refer to the environments where fish thrive, such as freshwater, saltwater, or brackish water. For instance, salmon migrate between freshwater rivers for spawning and saltwater environments. Research by the American Fisheries Society identifies over 15,000 fish species, each adapted to specific habitats, showcasing their evolutionary closest ties with ecological niches.

3. Reproductive Strategies:
Reproductive strategies impact fish classification by examining how species reproduce. Fish may exhibit oviparity (egg-laying), viviparity (live-bearing), or ovoviviparity (hatching eggs within the mother). A study led by fisheries biologist Dr. Jennifer Johnson in 2021 highlighted that reproductive strategies affect population dynamics and conservation strategies. Some species, like clownfish, exhibit complex breeding behaviors that further differentiate them.

4. Diet:
Diet signifies a critical aspect of fish differentiation based on feeding habits, ranging from herbivores to carnivores and omnivores. Differences in diet influence body morphology and behavior. For example, piranhas are known for their carnivorous diet and sharp teeth, while parrotfish primarily graze on algae. A paper by nutritional ecologist Dr. Susan Li in 2019 reveals the correlation between diet and habitat use among various fish species.

5. Behavior Patterns:
Behavior patterns encompass social structures, mating rituals, and predation strategies. Some fish species, such as clownfish, exhibit symbiotic relationships with anemones, while schooling fish like sardines display collective defensive behaviors. Research by marine biologist Dr. Andreas Wahl in 2020 indicates that behaviors can impact survival rates and reproductive success.

6. Colorations and Markings:
Colorations and markings serve both to attract mates and deter predators. Bright colors may signal toxicity, while camouflaged species blend into their environment. A study from the Journal of Fish Biology in 2018 highlighted how coloration can influence mating success and predator evasion, emphasizing its role in evolutionary adaptation.

These characteristics establish how fish can be classified into different types, contributing to our understanding of biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems.

How Does Habitat Influence Fish Classification?

Habitat influences fish classification by determining the environmental conditions to which fish adapt. Fish thrive in diverse habitats, such as freshwater rivers, salty oceans, and brackish estuaries. The characteristics of these environments, including water temperature, salinity, and oxygen levels, affect fish physiology and behavior. These adaptations lead to distinct classifications among various fish species.

For example, freshwater fish like trout have adaptations that enable them to live in low-salinity waters. Conversely, marine species like tuna possess characteristics for survival in high-salinity conditions. Fish also exhibit behavioral adaptations based on habitat, such as migratory patterns in response to seasonal changes.

Environmental factors shape the evolutionary paths of fish. This process results in the diversity we observe today. By studying habitats, scientists can better understand the relationships between fish species and their environments. Thus, habitat plays a crucial role in the classification and understanding of fish.

What Behavioral Traits Help Identify Distinct Fish Species?

Behavioral traits that help identify distinct fish species include their feeding habits, social interactions, reproductive behaviors, and habitat preferences.

Feeding Habits
Social Interactions
Reproductive Behaviors
Habitat Preferences

Understanding these behavioral traits provides valuable insights into the ecological roles and survival strategies of various fish species.

Feeding Habits:
Identifying fish species through their feeding habits offers significant insights. Fish display diverse feeding strategies, including herbivory, carnivory, and omnivory. Herbivorous fish primarily consume plant materials, while carnivorous fish feed on other animals. Omnivorous fish have a mixed diet. For example, parrotfish are known for their herbivorous diet, primarily grazing on algae. Studies indicate that the diet can greatly influence habitat selection and social behaviors (Bellwood et al., 2003).
Social Interactions:
Fish exhibit various social behaviors that can help differentiate species. Some species are solitary, while others form schools or shoals. Social structure influences foraging and defense strategies. For instance, schooling fish such as sardines provide safety in numbers against predators. Research by Krause and Ruxton (2002) highlights that social interactions can affect individual survival rates and reproductive success, reflecting the importance of these behaviors in species identification.
Reproductive Behaviors:
Reproductive behaviors are critical for identifying fish species. This includes nest building, courtship displays, and parental care. Some species, such as certain cichlids, demonstrate elaborate courtship rituals. Others, like salmon, return to their birthplace to spawn. Different strategies impact population dynamics and species success rates, as noted in studies by Baird and Marshall (2000), indicating that reproductive traits can serve as definitive identification markers.
Habitat Preferences:
Habitat preferences also play a crucial role in species identification. Fish may inhabit freshwater, brackish, or saltwater environments, and their ecological niches often dictate their distribution and behavior. For example, clownfish reside within anemones in coral reefs, which provide shelter. Habitat preferences inform researchers about species’ adaptations and potential environmental impacts, revealing important ecological information (Munday et al., 2008) that further assists in proper species identification.

In summary, these behavioral traits are essential in distinguishing between fish species and can improve our understanding of fish ecology and adaptability.

What Are the Most Common and Notable Fish Species Worldwide?

The most common and notable fish species worldwide include various types that are significant for ecological, economic, and cultural reasons.

Tuna
Salmon
Cod
Goldfish
Catfish
Trout
Mackerel
Sardines
Pike
Carp

These species highlight the diversity in fish categories and their importance to different sectors. Understanding their characteristics and significance can help underscore their role in ecosystems and economies.

Tuna: Tuna are large, fast-swimming fish found in warm seas. They are notable for their size, with some species reaching over 1,500 pounds. Tuna are commercially important, often sought after for sushi and sashimi. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, the global tuna market was valued at over $42 billion in 2020.
Salmon: Salmon are anadromous fish, meaning they live in both freshwater and saltwater. They are known for their migration patterns, returning to their birthplace to spawn. Salmon fishing supports many coastal communities. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) reports that commercial salmon fishing contributes significantly to economic activities in the Pacific Northwest.
Cod: Cod are popular food fish, particularly in Europe and North America. They are known for their mild flavor and flaky texture. Cod stocks have faced challenges due to overfishing, leading to strict regulations in various regions, as noted by the World Wildlife Fund.
Goldfish: Goldfish are domesticated fish, one of the most popular aquarium species worldwide. They are typically small, with a vibrant coloration and distinctive shapes. They symbolize good luck in various cultures and are often kept as pets.
Catfish: Catfish are freshwater fish recognizable by their whisker-like barbels. They are widely farmed for their edible meat. In the United States, the catfish industry was worth roughly $300 million in 2018, according to the Agricultural Marketing Service.
Trout: Trout are commonly found in both freshwater and saltwater environments. They are valued for their role in sport fishing and their culinary appeal. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service emphasizes their importance in recreational fishing, which contributes to local economies.
Mackerel: Mackerel are fast-moving fish found in oceans worldwide. They are oily fish, rich in omega-3 fatty acids, making them popular in various cuisines. The Marine Conservation Society highlights their nutritional benefits while also noting sustainability concerns in fisheries.
Sardines: Sardines are small, nutrient-dense fish, commonly found in schools. They play a crucial role in marine ecosystems and are a vital food source in many cultures. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization recognizes sardines as an important fish for global food security.
Pike: Pike are predatory freshwater fish known for their elongated bodies and sharp teeth. They are popular among anglers and are considered a challenge to catch. Various studies, including those from the Freshwater Biological Association, show their role in maintaining fish population balance in lakes and rivers.
Carp: Carp are hardy freshwater fish found in many environments. They are often used in aquaculture and are a staple food source in several countries. However, they can become invasive species, disrupting local ecosystems, as noted by various environmental agencies.

How Do Regional Differences Affect Fish Species Diversity?

Regional differences affect fish species diversity by influencing habitat conditions, temperature ranges, nutrient availability, and other ecological factors. These variations lead to distinct communities of fish adapted to specific environments.

Habitat conditions: Different regions provide varying types of habitats such as coral reefs, estuaries, and deep-sea environments. For example, coral reefs, which are found in tropical regions, support over 4,000 fish species worldwide (Knowlton, 2001). Each habitat type offers unique structures and resources, allowing for diverse fish communities.

Temperature ranges: Water temperature significantly impacts fish metabolic rates and reproductive cycles. Fish in warmer regions, like the tropics, often have higher species diversity due to favorable conditions for growth and reproduction. Research by Froese and Pauly (2019) indicates that species richness is generally greater in warmer waters.

Nutrient availability: Nutrient levels in water bodies greatly affect fish populations. Areas with upwelling currents, such as along coasts, deliver nutrients that support larger plankton populations. These plankton serve as a food source for various fish species, leading to higher diversity. A study by Pauly et al. (2013) noted that productive environments can support a wider array of species.

Geographic barriers: Mountains, rivers, and human-made structures can create barriers to fish movement. This isolation can lead to the evolution of distinct species in different regions. For instance, the presence of the Isthmus of Panama resulted in the divergence of marine species between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans (Lessios, 2008).

Human activities: Overfishing, pollution, and habitat destruction can diminish fish diversity. Regions heavily impacted by these activities often show declining species numbers. A global assessment by Sala et al. (2018) reported that human actions have led to significant declines in marine biodiversity.

Overall, these regional differences play a crucial role in shaping fish species diversity, driving both adaptive evolution and ecological dynamics across different environments.

What Are the Most Endangered Fish Species Currently?

The most endangered fish species currently include several critically threatened species.

Vaquita (Phocoena sinus)
Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus)
Devil Fish (Mobula spp.)
Orange Roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus)
Northern Rocksole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra)

The discussion on endangered fish species reveals contrasting views. While some argue about the ecological importance of these fish, others emphasize the socioeconomic impact of protecting them.

Vaquita: The Vaquita is the most endangered marine mammal and fish species, with fewer than 30 individuals remaining. It faces extinction primarily due to illegal gillnet fishing practices in the Gulf of California, targeting totoaba fish. WWF highlights that conservation efforts are critical to save this species as it plays a unique role in its ecosystem.
Atlantic Bluefin Tuna: The Atlantic Bluefin Tuna has been overfished for decades. Due to high demand in sushi markets, this species’ population has dramatically declined. According to the International Bluefin Tuna Conservation Coalition (IBTCC), stricter quotas and fishing regulations are necessary to encourage recovery, but some fishermen oppose these measures, arguing they threaten their livelihoods.
Devil Fish: Devil Fish, or mobula rays, are caught primarily for their gill plates, which are considered a delicacy in some cultures. The IUCN reports that certain species are now critically endangered. Advocacy groups argue that sustainable fishing practices could mitigate population decline while others insist that cultural traditions must be preserved.
Orange Roughy: The Orange Roughy is now a rare fish species due to deep-sea overfishing. This fish is known for its slow growth and late maturity, making populations particularly vulnerable. Studies by the Marine Conservation Society indicate that without significant changes in fishing regulations, recovery will remain unlikely.
Northern Rocksole: The Northern Rocksole has seen its numbers plummet due to habitat loss and overfishing. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) emphasizes the need for habitat conservation to ensure the survival of this fish species, while some argue that reopening certain fishing grounds may boost local economies.

Each of these endangered fish species represents a unique challenge in conservation efforts, balancing ecological importance with the human and economic factors involved.

How Do Researchers Estimate the Total Number of Fish Species?

Researchers estimate the total number of fish species using various methods, including collecting and analyzing data from taxonomic records, conducting field surveys, and employing genetic techniques.

Taxonomic records: Scientists review existing classifications of fish based on morphological characteristics, such as body shape, fin structure, and coloration. A comprehensive study by Froese and Pauly (2021) estimated around 34,000 recognized fish species using this method.

Field surveys: Researchers conduct surveys in various aquatic environments to document fish species diversity. For instance, a survey in the Amazon River basin revealed new species, contributing to estimates of global diversity. Studies like that of Figueroa et al. (2016) emphasized the importance of remote and less-explored regions in discovering previously unknown species.

Genetic techniques: Molecular techniques, such as DNA barcoding, help identify species based on genetic material. This method can reveal cryptic species, which are visually similar but genetically distinct. A research study led by Hebert et al. (2003) demonstrated the potential for DNA barcoding to enhance species identification and redefine biodiversity estimates.

Collaborative databases: Researchers utilize collaborative resources, like the FishBase database, which compiles information on fish species globally. This database serves as a valuable tool for researchers to update species counts, distribution, and conservation status.

Ecological modeling: Researchers apply ecological models to predict the number of fish species based on environmental factors, such as habitat diversity and water quality. A study by Pennington et al. (2006) highlighted the correlation between species richness and habitat complexity.

Continuous discovery: The number of recognized fish species is ever-changing as new species are discovered and incorporated into scientific databases. Ongoing research and exploration are crucial in refining the estimates of the total number of fish species. This dynamic aspect of ichthyology underscores the importance of conservation efforts and biodiversity monitoring.

Through these varied methods, researchers increase our understanding of fish species diversity, ultimately estimating that there are approximately 34,000 known fish species, with many more likely yet to be discovered.

What Challenges Do Scientists Encounter When Classifying Fish?

Scientists encounter several challenges when classifying fish species. These challenges stem from various biological, ecological, and methodological issues.

Morphological Variability
Genetic Diversity
Environmental Influences
Incomplete Data
Taxonomic Conflicts

Understanding the challenges in classifying fish is crucial, as it reflects broader issues in biological research and conservation.

Morphological Variability:
Morphological variability refers to the differences in physical characteristics among fish. Fish can exhibit significant size, shape, and color variations even within the same species. This variability makes it difficult to assign a species to a particular classification. For example, the Pacific rockfish has varied coloration and body shapes based on its habitat. This challenge complicates identification.
Genetic Diversity:
Genetic diversity among fish populations can lead to differences that are not evident in their physical appearance. Advances in molecular techniques reveal that species thought to be distinct may actually be variations of a single species. Research by Near et al. (2012) demonstrated that some “species” of cichlid fish are genetically linked yet display different traits. This complicates traditional classification methods.
Environmental Influences:
Environmental factors often influence the traits of fish species. Habitat differences can lead to variations in morphology and behavior. For instance, fish in murky waters may adapt body shapes that differ significantly from those in clear waters. This adaptability challenges scientists attempting to classify species based on physical traits.
Incomplete Data:
Inadequate or incomplete data limits the classification of fish species. Many fish species are still undiscovered or poorly documented. For example, deep-sea fish often remain unclassified due to difficult access to their habitats. A study by Froese and Pauly (2018) notes that around 30% of fish species remain undescribed in scientific literature.
Taxonomic Conflicts:
Taxonomic conflicts arise when different scientists have varying views on how to classify certain species. This often results from differing methodologies or interpretations of data. Disagreements may occur over the validity of certain classifications, as seen in debates surrounding the classification of the genus Anabas.

These challenges underline the complexity and dynamic nature of fish classification. Scientists must navigate a range of factors to develop a clearer understanding of fish biodiversity.

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