Factory Trawlers: How Much Fish They Can Catch And Process Efficiently [Updated On- 2025]

A factory trawler can process 350 tonnes of fish each day. It has a fuel capacity of 3,000 tonnes and a storage capacity of 7,000 tonnes for graded and frozen fish. Onboard equipment like forklift trucks helps discharge the catch efficiently, improving overall operational performance.

These vessels utilize a combination of powerful nets and sonar systems to locate and capture schools of fish. Once caught, fish are immediately processed on board. This includes cleaning, freezing, and packaging, which minimizes spoilage. Because of this capability, factory trawlers play a crucial role in meeting the demand for seafood around the world.

In addition to their fishing and processing capabilities, factory trawlers must adhere to strict regulations regarding catch limits. Sustainable fishing practices are essential to preserve marine ecosystems. As concerns about overfishing grow, the industry faces pressure to balance efficiency with environmental responsibility.

Next, we will explore the technological advancements in factory trawlers and how these innovations impact fishing practices and sustainability efforts.

What Factors Determine the Catch Capacity of Factory Trawlers?

The catch capacity of factory trawlers is determined by various factors, including the size of the vessel, fishing technology, environmental regulations, and fish stock availability.

Vessel size and design
Fishing technology and equipment
Environmental regulations
Availability of fish stocks
Crew experience and training

These factors collectively influence the operational efficiency and overall productivity of factory trawlers. Their interaction determines how much fish can be efficiently caught, processed, and stored.

Vessel Size and Design:
Vessel size and design directly impact the catch capacity of factory trawlers. A larger vessel can accommodate more fishing gear, storage for catch, and facilities for processing. Research by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) shows that vessels over 25 meters can significantly increase catch efficiency due to improved handling and storage strategies. For example, a factory trawler like the “F/V Arctic Hunter” can hold up to 800 tons of fish, which is considerably more than smaller vessels.
Fishing Technology and Equipment:
Fishing technology and equipment influence the capacity of trawlers. Modern sonar systems, nets, and processing equipment enhance catch rates and reduce bycatch (unintended catch). According to a study published in the Journal of Marine Science in 2021, the use of advanced trawl nets can increase catch efficiency by up to 50%. Efficient onboard processing systems also allow for faster handling of the catch, which minimizes spoilage and maximizes yield.
Environmental Regulations:
Environmental regulations play a crucial role in determining the allowable catch limits and fishing methods. Regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) impose quotas to ensure sustainable fishing practices. These restrictions can limit the amount of fish caught. A report from the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) indicates that overfishing can lead to drastic decreases in fish populations, thus impacting future catch capacity.
Availability of Fish Stocks:
The availability of fish stocks directly affects the catch capacity. Overfished areas may yield lower returns, while well-managed fisheries can produce more substantial catches. The FAO reports that sustainable harvesting can result in a stable or increasing fish stock, positively impacting trawler operations. Stocks of high-value species such as cod or haddock can dramatically differ from those of more abundant species like mackerel.
Crew Experience and Training:
Crew experience and training significantly affect operational effectiveness. Skilled crews can navigate complex fishing scenarios and use equipment more efficiently. According to research from the International Marine Conservation Society (IMCS), well-trained crews can improve catch rates by up to 25%, as they effectively utilize technology and adhere to best practices.

In summary, the catch capacity of factory trawlers depends on vessel size, technology, regulations, fish stock availability, and crew experience. Understanding and optimizing these factors can enhance fishing operations significantly.

How Does Advanced Technology Influence the Amount of Fish Caught?

Advanced technology significantly influences the amount of fish caught. Innovative tools and equipment enhance fishing efficiency. For instance, sonar technology allows fishermen to locate fish schools more accurately. This results in higher catch rates.

Moreover, automated fishing systems increase the speed of catching and processing fish. Factory trawlers use large nets and advanced machinery to capture and immediately process large quantities of fish. This technology reduces the time fish spend out of water, maintaining their quality.

Additionally, data analytics informs fishermen about fish populations and optimal fishing locations. This information leads to better decision-making and minimizes overfishing.

In summary, advanced technology increases efficiency and catch rates in fishing, leading to greater fish yields.

What Environmental Conditions Maximize Fish Availability for Factory Trawlers?

Environmental conditions that maximize fish availability for factory trawlers include several key factors.

Optimal water temperature
Nutrient-rich waters
Seasonal upwelling
Suitable salinity levels
Prevailing currents
Protective marine habitats
Fish population dynamics

These factors highlight the complexity of marine ecosystems and the varying requirements of different fish species. Understanding these conditions is critical for effectively harnessing fish resources.

Optimal Water Temperature:
Optimal water temperature is essential for fish growth and reproduction. Most commercially important fish species thrive in specific temperature ranges. For instance, species like cod prefer colder waters around 5-15°C, while species like tuna favor warmer temperatures of 20-28°C. According to a study by the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO, 2020), temperature affects not only growth rates but also migration patterns and spawning cycles, influencing overall fish availability.
Nutrient-Rich Waters:
Nutrient-rich waters support phytoplankton growth, which forms the basis of the marine food chain. Areas with high nutrient concentrations tend to attract schools of fish. The World Resources Institute (WRI, 2019) states that upwelling zones, where nutrient-rich deep water rises to the surface, often see greater fish populations due to abundant food supply.
Seasonal Upwelling:
Seasonal upwelling occurs when winds push surface waters away, allowing deeper, colder, nutrient-rich waters to rise. This process enhances productivity and attracts fish. The California Current and the Humboldt Current off South America are examples of regions where seasonal upwelling promotes substantial fish stocks. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2021), changes in wind patterns due to climate change may affect these upwelling dynamics.
Suitable Salinity Levels:
Salinity levels influence fish distribution and health. Most marine fish species require specific salinity levels for optimal growth and reproduction. Research by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, 2018) indicates that fluctuations in salinity can impact osmoregulation in fish, affecting their survival and availability for fishing.
Prevailing Currents:
Prevailing ocean currents distribute nutrients and influence fish migration. Understanding these currents helps trawlers locate fish more effectively. For instance, the Gulf Stream transports warm water from the Gulf of Mexico to the North Atlantic, affecting the distribution of numerous fish species. A report by Marine Fisheries Commission (MFC, 2021) emphasizes the importance of current patterns in predicting fish populations.
Protective Marine Habitats:
Protective marine habitats, such as coral reefs and estuaries, provide shelter and breeding grounds for fish. These habitats support diverse marine life and enhance fish populations. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS, 2020) notes that preserving such habitats can lead to increased fish availability for trawlers.
Fish Population Dynamics:
Fish population dynamics, including breeding cycles and predator-prey relationships, influence availability. Overfishing and environmental changes can lead to population declines. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2022) emphasizes sustainable fishing practices to maintain healthy fish stocks and ensure long-term availability for industrial fishing operations.

Understanding these environmental conditions allows factory trawlers to optimize their fishing strategies and ensure sustainable practices within marine ecosystems.

How Do Fishing Regulations Shape Catch Limits for Factory Trawlers?

Fishing regulations shape catch limits for factory trawlers by establishing rules that ensure sustainable fishing practices, protect fish populations, and maintain ecosystem health. These regulations balance economic interests with conservation efforts through several key components.

Sustainable quotas: Regulatory agencies set total allowable catch (TAC) limits based on scientific assessments of fish stock sizes. For example, the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) conducts stock assessments, often recommending catch limits to prevent overfishing while allowing for recovery of depleted stocks.
Species-specific regulations: Different fish species have unique population dynamics. Regulators often implement specific catch limits for each species. According to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), chub mackerel has a limit of 1,500 metric tons for factory trawlers in certain areas, to ensure population sustainability.
Seasonal closures: Fishing regulations may include seasonal closures to protect spawning fish during critical reproductive periods. The North Atlantic Fishery Organization (NAFO) has established closed seasons for certain species, allowing populations to recuperate and grow.
Size and gear restrictions: Regulations may dictate the minimum size for fish that can be caught and the type of fishing gear used. The European Union’s Common Fisheries Policy mandates mesh size standards to reduce bycatch of juvenile fish, promoting sustainable fishing practices.
Monitoring and enforcement: Effective enforcement of regulations ensures compliance from factory trawlers. This may include onboard observers, electronic monitoring systems, and regular inspections. A study by the Pew Charitable Trusts (2019) emphasized that robust enforcement improves adherence to catch limits.
Adaptive management: Regulations adapt over time based on new scientific data and environmental changes. As fish stocks fluctuate, regulatory bodies refine catch limits and management strategies to respond effectively. Researchers highlight that ongoing assessments will adjust quotas to ensure long-term ecological balance.

Through these components, fishing regulations not only protect fish populations but also support the viability of the fishing industry by promoting responsible practices. Respecting catch limits establishes a foundation for sustainable fisheries that benefit both the economy and the environment.

How Much Fish Can Factory Trawlers Collect in a Typical Day?

Factory trawlers can collect between 50 to 200 tons of fish in a typical day, depending on various factors. This range is influenced by the type of fish being targeted, the location of the fishing grounds, and the fishing technology used.

For example, factory trawlers that operate in rich fishing areas, such as the North Atlantic, may catch closer to 200 tons daily. In contrast, trawlers in less bountiful regions may find their daily catch closer to 50 tons. The efficiency of the trawler’s fishing gear also plays a significant role; advanced gear can maximize the volume of fish caught within a shorter time.

Additional factors that can affect these figures include weather conditions, seasonal fish migrations, and adherence to fishing quotas designed to prevent overfishing. For instance, during spawning season, fish populations may be lower, leading to decreased catches. Similarly, storms can disrupt fishing schedules and reduce the amount of time a trawler can spend at sea.

In summary, factory trawlers typically catch between 50 to 200 tons of fish daily, influenced by various operational and environmental factors. Further exploration could consider the impacts of overfishing regulations and climate change on future fish stock availability.

What Are the Average Daily Catch Figures for Various Factory Trawler Types?

Factory trawlers can vary significantly in their average daily catch figures, depending on their type and the fishing methods they employ. Generally, factory trawlers can catch between 15 to 200 tons of fish per day.

The main types of factory trawlers include:
– Bottom trawlers
– Midwater trawlers
– Pelagic trawlers
– Freezer trawlers
– Processing trawlers

There are multiple factors influencing daily catch figures, including specific fishing locations, targeted species, and the technology used in trawlers. Understanding these types provides insight into the fishing industry’s operational capabilities and outcomes.

Bottom Trawlers:
Bottom trawlers operate near the ocean floor and are designed to capture demersal fish such as cod and haddock. These trawlers can achieve average daily catches of 20 to 70 tons. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), bottom trawling can significantly affect seabed ecosystems, prompting regulatory measures to minimize environmental impact.
Midwater Trawlers:
Midwater trawlers target fish that swim in the water column, such as herring and mackerel. These trawlers typically catch 30 to 100 tons of fish daily. A study by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) indicates that midwater fishing plays a critical role in managing fish populations due to its selective capture methods.
Pelagic Trawlers:
Pelagic trawlers focus on larger, schooling fish species found higher up in the water column. Their average daily catch can reach 80 to 150 tons. Research by the Marine Stewardship Council highlights that responsible pelagic trawling can support sustainable fish production while minimizing bycatch.
Freezer Trawlers:
Freezer trawlers can freeze fish onboard for preservation. They can achieve daily catches ranging from 40 to 200 tons, depending on the target species and duration of the fishing trip. A report by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) shows that freezer technology helps reduce waste by prolonging the freshness of catch.
Processing Trawlers:
Processing trawlers are equipped to sort and package fish immediately after catching them. These vessels may catch between 50 to 150 tons per day. The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) emphasizes the importance of processing onboard to enhance operational efficiency and quality control in the supply chain.

Each type of factory trawler serves a distinct purpose in the fishing industry. The variation in average daily catch figures reflects the adaptability and specialization of these vessels in meeting market demands while adhering to sustainability practices.

How Many Operational Hours Do Factory Trawlers Spend at Sea Daily?

Factory trawlers typically operate at sea for about 20 to 24 hours each day. This continuous activity allows them to maximize their catch and process fish efficiently.

Factory trawlers are designed to fish and process simultaneously. They often follow a non-stop schedule, conducting fishing operations for most of the day and night. Some vessels may adhere to a more structured routine, spending around 18 to 20 hours actively fishing. The fishing cycle varies based on species targeted and location.

For example, in the North Atlantic, factory trawlers may fish for cod or haddock. These operations often require extended periods at sea due to the distribution of fish stocks. In contrast, vessels targeting shrimp in warmer waters might require shorter operational hours since shrimp populations can be more localized.

Several factors influence the operational hours of factory trawlers. Weather conditions, fishing regulations, and market demands can limit or extend fishing hours. Inclement weather may force trawlers to return to port earlier, while high market demand can encourage longer operational times.

In conclusion, factory trawlers generally operate 20 to 24 hours daily while fishing and processing. Variations occur based on specific operational circumstances, including environmental conditions and market needs. Further exploration of technology advancements in fishing efficiency could provide additional insights into optimizing operational times for these vessels.

What Fish Species Are Most Frequently Sought by Factory Trawlers?

Factory trawlers most frequently seek the following fish species:

Anchovies
Sardines
Herring
Mackerel
Pollock
Cod
Flounder

The list highlights popular fish targeted by factory trawlers. Different opinions arise regarding the sustainability and environmental impact of targeting these species. Some stakeholders argue for strict regulations, while others emphasize economic benefits and job creation in the fishing industry.

Anchovies: Factory trawlers commonly catch anchovies due to their high biomass in ocean waters. Anchovies serve as a primary source of fishmeal, an essential ingredient in aquaculture and livestock feed. A 2019 report by the FAO indicates that Peruvian anchovy is among the world’s most harvested fish.
Sardines: Sardines are another popular catch for factory trawlers. These small fish are rich in omega-3 fatty acids and are often processed for canned goods. Research by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife shows that sardine populations can fluctuate dramatically, affecting fishing practices and regulations.
Herring: Herring is sought by factory trawlers for its roe and oil. Herring fishery contributes significantly to livelihoods in regions like the North Atlantic. According to the North Atlantic Fisheries Organization, sustainable management practices are critical for maintaining herring populations, which have faced overfishing in the past.
Mackerel: Mackerel is a fatty fish prized for its flavor and health benefits. Trawlers often target mackerel during its spawning season. The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea emphasizes the importance of sustainability and stock assessments to curb overfishing of mackerel.
Pollock: Pollock is sought for its versatility and is predominantly used in fast-food chains. The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration recognizes pollock fisheries for their sustainable practices in the Gulf of Alaska, contributing to a stable population.
Cod: Cod is historically significant in fisheries but has suffered from overfishing. Regulations are in place to protect spawning stocks. The Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) monitors cod populations through data collection and analysis.
Flounder: Flounder is targeted for its desirable fillets in the culinary market. The Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission regulates flounder fishing to promote sustainability due to concerns over stock health. Studies by the commission demonstrate the recovery of flounder populations with effective management practices.

Factory trawlers play a significant role in capturing these fish species while raising various points of view regarding sustainable fishing practices and the socio-economic benefits of commercial fishing.

How Effectively Do Factory Trawlers Process Fish Onboard?

Factory trawlers process fish onboard very effectively. They utilize advanced technology to catch, sort, and package fish quickly. The main components involved in this process include the fishing gear, onboard processing equipment, and storage systems.

First, factory trawlers deploy large nets to catch substantial quantities of fish. This method allows for an efficient collection of fish in a relatively short time. Next, onboard processing equipment, such as filleting machines, quickly prepares the fish. This equipment reduces handling time and minimizes waste.

Once the fish are processed, they are stored in refrigerated holds. This storage ensures freshness until arrival at port. Comprehensive quality control systems are often in place to monitor the processing, ensuring that the fish meets market standards.

Each part of the operation is interconnected. The catching process feeds into immediate processing, which then links to efficient storage. Overall, factory trawlers emphasize speed, efficiency, and quality, making them highly effective in processing fish onboard.

What Modern Processing Capabilities Enhance Onboard Efficiency of Factory Trawlers?

Modern processing capabilities significantly enhance the onboard efficiency of factory trawlers. These advancements include automation, improved technology, and data analytics that streamline fish processing operations.

Automation of Processing Systems
Advanced Fish Sorting Technology
Real-time Data Analytics
Enhanced Refrigeration Systems
Eco-friendly Waste Management Systems

The following section will explore each capability in detail.

Automation of Processing Systems: Automation of processing systems in factory trawlers means implementing machinery that performs tasks with minimal human intervention. This leads to higher speed and efficiency in processing fish. For example, fully automated filleting machines can increase output significantly. According to a 2022 study by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, trawlers employing automation saw efficiency gains of over 30%.
Advanced Fish Sorting Technology: Advanced fish sorting technology involves using sensors and cameras to classify fish by size and species. This technology reduces labor costs and minimizes sorting mistakes, ensuring that fishermen maximize their catch’s value. A case study from Norway revealed that trawlers using this technology improved sorting accuracy by 25% compared to manual sorting.
Real-time Data Analytics: Real-time data analytics refers to processing and analyzing data from various onboard sensors and systems as it is generated. This capability helps trawlers make informed decisions about fishing locations, stock assessments, and operational efficiency. Research by the Oceanographic Institute in 2021 found that trawlers utilizing data analytics could adapt their strategies quickly, leading to a 15% increase in yield.
Enhanced Refrigeration Systems: Enhanced refrigeration systems ensure that fish remain fresh for longer periods, reducing spoilage and maintaining product quality. These systems use advanced insulation and temperature controls tailored for prolonged storage. A recent report highlighted that upgraded refrigeration resulted in a 20% decrease in fish waste during long voyages.
Eco-friendly Waste Management Systems: Eco-friendly waste management systems on factory trawlers help manage biological waste and comply with environmental regulations. These systems treat waste onboard, minimizing the ecological footprint of fishing activities. The Marine Conservation Society states that implementing such systems can reduce the waste footprint of trawlers by up to 40%, benefiting both the environment and the industry’s sustainability efforts.

How Does Processing Speed Affect the Quality and Quantity of Fish Processed?

Processing speed significantly affects both the quality and quantity of fish processed. Faster processing times can increase the volume of fish handled, allowing factories to meet higher demand levels. However, when processing speed increases too much, it may compromise the quality of the product. Rapid processing can lead to insufficient handling and inadequate preservation of fish, resulting in reduced freshness and an increase in spoilage.

To address these factors, it is important to balance speed with careful handling. Processors must ensure that fish are cleaned, filleted, and packaged efficiently while maintaining strict quality control measures. This balance helps ensure that a large quantity of fish remains of high quality.

In summary, optimal processing speed enhances efficiency, increasing the quantity of fish processed, but it must be managed to prevent quality degradation. Maintaining this balance is key to successful fish processing operations.

What Advantages Does Onboard Fish Processing Offer for Maintaining Quality?

Onboard fish processing offers several advantages for maintaining quality by ensuring rapid handling and preservation of fish after capture.

Immediate processing reduces spoilage.
Controlled temperature environments extend freshness.
Minimized exposure to contaminants maintains safety.
Enhanced traceability supports quality assurance.
Increased efficiency lowers waste and maximizes yield.

These points illustrate the various dimensions of quality maintenance in onboard fish processing.

Immediate Processing Reduces Spoilage: Immediate processing refers to the practice of handling fish as soon as they are caught. This rapid action minimizes spoilage due to decomposition. A study from the Institute of Marine Research shows that fish quality rapidly declines after landing, with sensory attributes falling significantly within hours. When fish are filleted and frozen onboard, the freshness is preserved, and shelf life is extended.
Controlled Temperature Environments Extend Freshness: Onboard fish processing usually includes systems that maintain optimal refrigeration. These controlled environments slow bacterial growth, preventing quality loss. For instance, the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea emphasizes that maintaining temperatures below 0°C during processing can significantly extend shelf life, essential for markets far from fishing grounds.
Minimized Exposure to Contaminants Maintains Safety: Onboard processing reduces the likelihood of fish being contaminated with dirt, pathogens, and potential chemical pollutants during transport. A report by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) suggests that keeping fish in a clean, controlled setting directly enhances food safety standards, which is increasingly vital in global fish markets.
Enhanced Traceability Supports Quality Assurance: Onboard fish processing enables better tracking of fish from capture to consumption. Enhanced traceability allows stakeholders to verify that fish meet specific standards for quality and sustainability. Christopher Costello, a fisheries economist, notes that traceability systems built on current technologies can provide consumers with critical information about the fish they’re purchasing, thus influencing buying decisions positively.
Increased Efficiency Lowers Waste and Maximizes Yield: Onboard processing often leads to better use of the entire fish, reducing waste. Fish byproducts can be utilized for other products like fishmeal or oil. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) mentions that improving utilization rates through onboard processing can help support more sustainable fisheries by reducing overall waste.

These advantages illustrate how onboard fish processing can effectively maintain fish quality, offering multiple benefits throughout the supply chain.

What Environmental Implications Arise from Factory Trawlers Catching Practices?

The environmental implications of factory trawlers’ catching practices are significant and multifaceted. These practices can lead to overfishing, habitat destruction, bycatch, and pollution.

Overfishing
Habitat destruction
Bycatch
Pollution

The impact of factory trawlers on marine environments warrants a closer examination of each of these implications.

Overfishing: Factory trawlers engage in large-scale fishing operations, often targeting specific species. Overfishing occurs when fish populations are harvested faster than they can reproduce. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 2020, approximately 34% of global fish stocks are overfished. This practice threatens the stability of marine ecosystems and reduces fish populations, affecting both biodiversity and the livelihoods of fishing communities.
Habitat Destruction: Factory trawling involves heavy nets that drag across the ocean floor. This practice can destroy important marine habitats such as coral reefs and seagrass beds. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) states that bottom trawling can result in the destruction of habitat quality, leading to long-term ecological damage. The recovery of these ecosystems can take decades, disrupting not only marine life but also the fishing industry dependent on these habitats.
Bycatch: Trawlers often unintentionally catch non-target species, a problem known as bycatch. Species such as sea turtles, dolphins, and juvenile fish are frequently caught and discarded. According to a report by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), bycatch can account for up to 40% of the total catch in some fisheries. This not only wastes marine resources but also threatens the survival of endangered species.
Pollution: Factory trawlers contribute to marine pollution through waste disposal and fuel spills. Chemicals and plastics from fishing vessels can contaminate ocean waters. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) emphasizes that marine plastic pollution poses a growing threat to marine biodiversity. Trawlers can also release greenhouse gases, contributing to climate change, which adds further pressure on marine ecosystems.

Addressing the environmental implications of factory trawlers requires a multifaceted approach that includes sustainable fishing practices, stricter regulations, and improved technology to minimize harm to marine environments.

How Do Factory Trawlers Affect Marine Ecosystems and Fish Populations?

Factory trawlers significantly impact marine ecosystems and fish populations by overfishing, disrupting habitats, and influencing the food web. These effects can lead to the decline of fish species and broader ecological imbalances.

Overfishing: Factory trawlers can capture large quantities of fish, often exceeding sustainable limits. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) reported that nearly 34% of global fish stocks are overfished (FAO, 2020). This overexploitation can lead to population declines, threatening the survival of specific species and disrupting marine biodiversity.

Habitat disruption: Factory trawlers use large nets that drag along the seabed. This method can damage sensitive habitats, such as coral reefs and seagrass beds, which are essential for the breeding and survival of many marine species. A study by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, 2018) found that trawling can cause significant physical changes to marine habitats, resulting in long-term ecological damage.

Food web influences: The removal of large numbers of fish affects the entire marine food web. Predators dependent on these fish for food may decline in population, while smaller fish species might proliferate due to reduced competition. Research published in the journal “Ecological Applications” indicates that such changes can drive shifts in species composition and abundance across marine ecosystems (Jackson et al., 2001).

Bycatch: Factory trawlers frequently catch non-target species, known as bycatch. This bycatch can be discarded dead or dying, further exacerbating the impact on fish populations and overall ecosystem health. The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) estimates that bycatch can account for up to 40% of the total catch in commercial fisheries (WWF, 2021).

In summary, factory trawlers threaten marine ecosystems and fish populations through their practices leading to overfishing, habitat destruction, altered food webs, and bycatch. The negative consequences of these activities can have lasting effects on marine biodiversity and the health of ocean environments.

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