How Tuna Fish Are Caught: Fishing Techniques and Methods Used by Fishermen

Tuna fish are mainly caught using purse seine nets (66%). Other methods include longline (9%) and pole-and-line (7%). Bluefin tuna are often caught with longlines, traps, and trolling. Fishing occurs in both coastal waters and high seas. Techniques like Almadraba are also used, especially in Europe.

Some fishermen prefer trolling, where they tow baited hooks or lures behind a moving boat. This method mimics the movement of prey, attracting tuna to bite. Additionally, traditional methods like handlining are still used. This technique involves using a single line with a hook, allowing for a more personal fishing experience.

Aquaculture is emerging as an alternative to wild capture. This method includes breeding tuna in controlled environments, ensuring a more sustainable supply. Understanding these varied techniques sheds light on the fishing industry.

As we explore the fishing techniques used, we must also consider the impact of these methods on tuna populations, ocean ecosystems, and fishing communities. Sustainable practices will become increasingly important in the future of tuna fishing.

What Are the Most Common Techniques for Catching Tuna Fish?

The most common techniques for catching tuna fish include trolling, longlining, and purse seining.

1. Trolling
2. Longlining
3. Purse seining

Trolling, longlining, and purse seining each have their own unique advantages and challenges. Fishermen and researchers might hold differing views on the sustainability and impact of these methods on tuna populations.

1. Trolling: Trolling involves dragging baited hooks through the water while a boat moves slowly. This method targets tuna traveling near the surface. Fishermen often use artificial lures that mimic the movement of prey, which can attract tuna effectively. According to a study published by the Marine Research Institute (2022), trolling is highly effective for species like yellowfin and skipjack tuna. It allows for selective fishing, which reduces bycatch.

2. Longlining: Longlining uses a main line with baited hooks attached at regular intervals. This method can target deeper water species. Fishing vessels can have longlines that extend for miles, making it a lucrative method for catching larger tuna like bluefin. However, longlining has been criticized for high bycatch rates, especially for endangered species like sea turtles and sharks. Research by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN, 2023) highlights the need for better management to reduce bycatch in longlining practices.

3. Purse Seining: Purse seining involves encircling schools of tuna with a large net. Fishermen typically use spotter planes or sonar technology to locate the schools. The net is then drawn closed at the base, trapping the fish. This method is highly efficient but has raised concerns regarding overfishing and ecological impacts on the surrounding marine environment. The World Wildlife Fund (WWF, 2021) emphasizes that purse seining must be carefully managed to ensure sustainable practices and avoid depleting tuna stocks.

These three methods represent common strategies used by tuna fishermen. Their effectiveness and impact can vary, leading to ongoing discussions about tuna conservation and fishery management practices.

How Do Fishermen Utilize Nets to Catch Tuna Fish?

Fishermen utilize nets to catch tuna fish primarily through methods such as purse seining and longlining. These techniques effectively capture large quantities of tuna while minimizing bycatch.

Purse Seining: This method involves the use of a large net that encircles a school of tuna. Key details include:
– School identification: Fishermen locate tuna schools often by observing bird activity or using sonar technology (Ferreira, 2021).
– Net deployment: The net is set around the school and then drawn tight like a purse, trapping the fish inside.
– Efficiency: Purse seines can capture large volumes of tuna, sometimes exceeding 200 metric tons in a single haul (World Fisheries Report, 2020).

Longlining: This method employs a long main line with numerous baited hooks. Significant aspects include:
– Setup: The longline is anchored to the seabed, stretching for several miles, and can set hundreds to thousands of hooks (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2019).
– Bait type: Fishermen use various baits to attract tuna, including squid and other fish species.
– Selectivity: Longlining can target specific tuna species, but it has a higher risk of bycatch, especially of seabirds and turtles.

Drift Nets: Though controversial, drift nets are also used in some regions. Important details include:
– Passive fishing: These large nets float in the water, allowing fish to swim into them.
– Duration: Fishermen typically leave the nets in place for several hours to overnight.
– Concerns: Drift nets can lead to significant bycatch and are subject to international regulations due to environmental impact (Greenpeace, 2020).

By deploying these methods, fishermen effectively capture tuna, balancing efficiency with sustainability considerations.

What Types of Nets Are Most Effective for Tuna Fishing?

The most effective types of nets for tuna fishing are purse seines and longlines.

1. Purse seines
2. Longlines
3. Trawls
4. Handlines

While purse seines and longlines dominate the tuna fishing industry, some fishermen argue that trawls and handlines can be equally effective in specific contexts, especially in artisanal fishing.

1. Purse seines: Purse seines are large fishing nets designed to encircle schools of fish. The net is deployed around the tuna, and then it is drawn tight like a purse, trapping the fish inside. This method is particularly effective for catching large schools of tuna, which often travel in packs. According to recent studies by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), purse seines can yield large catches, with a single operation sometimes capturing over 100 tons of tuna in one haul. Fishermen often use fish aggregating devices (FADs) to attract tuna, improving productivity.

2. Longlines: Longlines consist of a main line with numerous baited hooks attached at regular intervals. This method targets various tuna species and is efficient for catching individual fish rather than schools. The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) notes that longlining allows for selective fishing, reducing the chance of bycatch compared to other methods. Longlines can be set at different depths to target specific species, making them versatile for tuna fishing across different oceanic zones. A study published in 2019 indicated that longlining can prove more sustainable when managed properly.

3. Trawls: Trawls are nets towed behind boats to capture fish. Although not predominantly used for tuna, certain types, like mid-water trawls, can catch migrating tuna schools. Environmental concerns arise with this method, as trawling often leads to significant bycatch and habitat damage. The Marine Conservation Society warns that the indiscriminate nature of trawls can undermine tuna populations and affect overall marine biodiversity.

4. Handlines: Handlines involve manually placing baited hooks in the water to catch fish. This method is often employed in small-scale or artisanal fisheries. Fishermen value handlines for their simplicity and reduced environmental impact. The FAO supports the use of handlines to promote sustainable fishing practices among coastal communities. This method can yield high-quality fish with minimal bycatch, aligning with environmental goals to preserve marine ecosystems.

These various net types reflect a spectrum of fishing practices in the tuna industry, each with its own implications for sustainability and efficiency.

How Is Rod and Reel Fishing Used in Tuna Fishing?

Rod and reel fishing is a common method used in tuna fishing. Fishermen employ this technique to catch tuna efficiently. First, they select a sturdy rod and reel suited for the strength and size of tuna. Then, they choose appropriate bait, such as live bait or artificial lures, that attract tuna. Next, they locate schools of tuna, often using sonar or observing surface activity. Once in the right location, fishermen cast their line into the water. They wait patiently for a tuna to bite. When a tuna takes the bait, the fisherman sets the hook and begins reeling in the fish. This process requires skill and strength due to the size and power of tuna. Successfully catching a tuna involves maintaining a balance between reeling in and allowing the fish to tire. After reeling in the fish, fishermen often use a gaff to safely land the tuna onto the boat. This method effectively combines skill and equipment to achieve successful catches of this sport fish.

What Techniques Do Anglers Use with Rod and Reel to Target Tuna?

Anglers use several techniques with rod and reel to target tuna effectively. These methods include live bait fishing, trolling, chunking, and jigging.

1. Live bait fishing
2. Trolling
3. Chunking
4. Jigging

These techniques reflect diverse opinions on the best methods for targeting tuna. Some anglers may prefer live bait for its effectiveness, while others might favor trolling for its efficiency over large distances. Conversely, chunking might attract tuna in a location, while jigging relies on quick, vertical motions to entice bites. Each method has its advocates, contributing to the ongoing debate about the most effective tuna fishing strategy.

1. Live Bait Fishing: Live bait fishing involves using live fish or other marine organisms to attract tuna. This method is highly effective as the natural movement of the bait can draw in predators like tuna. According to a 2018 study published by the Marine Fisheries Review, anglers using live bait reported higher catch rates in various tuna species. Live bait can include small fish like sardines or mackerel, which are known to attract larger game fish.

2. Trolling: Trolling is a technique where anglers pull lures or bait behind a moving boat. Anglers set lines at different depths to find where tuna are feeding. This style covers large areas quickly, making it useful for locating schools of tuna. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) highlights that trolling can also mimic the movement of prey, making it particularly appealing to sport fish.

3. Chunking: Chunking involves cutting pieces of bait, usually fish, and dispersing them in the water to attract tuna. Anglers then drop lines nearby. This method relies on creating a scent trail in the water. A study conducted by the University of California Seafood Research Institute emphasizes that chunking can effectively bring fish to the angler’s location. This technique is especially popular among those targeting larger tuna.

4. Jigging: Jigging is a vertical technique where anglers rapidly lift and drop a heavy lure called a jig. This action mimics injured prey, triggering a predatory response from tuna. Research from the International Game Fish Association has shown that certain jigging styles can lead to high catch rates for tuna species. Jigging is particularly effective in deep waters where tuna often dwell.

These techniques showcase the variety of approaches anglers can take when targeting tuna, each offering its advantages and challenges.

What Are the Advantages of Longline Fishing for Tuna?

Longline fishing for tuna offers several advantages, including efficiency, targeting specific species, and economic benefits.

1. Efficiency in Catching Tuna
2. Targeting Specific Tuna Species
3. Economic Benefits
4. Reduced Bycatch Rates
5. Flexibility in Fishing Locations

The points above highlight the multifaceted advantages of longline fishing for tuna. Each aspect contributes significantly to the effectiveness and sustainability of tuna fishing practices.

1. Efficiency in Catching Tuna:
   Efficiency in catching tuna is one of the main advantages of longline fishing. Longline systems can deploy many hooks over vast distances, allowing fleets to catch a large quantity of fish in a single trip. According to NOAA, a longline vessel can set 1,000 hooks in one day, increasing the likelihood of capturing targeted tuna species. This method significantly reduces the time and resources needed compared to other methods such as trolling or purse seining.

2. Targeting Specific Tuna Species:
   Targeting specific tuna species is another benefit of longline fishing. Longline fishermen can choose the type of bait and hook size tailored to attract particular tuna, such as albacore or bluefin. This approach minimizes the capture of non-target species, and it improves the fishing yield. Research by the International Seafood Sustainability Foundation indicates that such targeted efforts can enhance fish stock management and contribute to sustainable fishing practices.

3. Economic Benefits:
   Economic benefits are a critical aspect of longline fishing. This method often yields higher income for fishermen due to the demand for premium-quality tuna in markets worldwide. According to a report by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2022), longline fishing can result in higher profit margins compared to other fishing techniques. Additionally, longlining supports local economies by creating job opportunities in coastal communities.

4. Reduced Bycatch Rates:
   Reduced bycatch rates represent an environmental advantage of longline fishing. Bycatch refers to the unintentional capture of non-target species, which is a common problem in various fishing methods. Longline techniques can be designed to minimize bycatch through the use of circle hooks and specific bait types. Studies indicate that the use of these methods can reduce bycatch rates significantly, thus protecting vulnerable marine species.

5. Flexibility in Fishing Locations:
   Flexibility in fishing locations allows longline fishers to operate in different ocean environments. Longlining can be conducted in both coastal and offshore waters, adapting to the migratory patterns of tuna. Fishermen can follow tuna schools and adjust their strategies based on real-time information about tuna movements and environmental conditions. This adaptability is advantageous for optimizing catch rates.

In summary, longline fishing offers various advantages that enhance efficiency, target specific tuna species, provide economic benefits, reduce bycatch, and offer flexibility in fishing locations. Each benefit plays a pivotal role in creating a sustainable and profitable fishing practice for tuna.

How Does Longline Fishing Impact Tuna Populations?

Longline fishing significantly impacts tuna populations. This fishing method uses a long main line with numerous baited hooks attached. Tuna often bite these hooks, which leads to their capture. As a result, longline fishing can remove large numbers of tuna from their habitats. This overfishing threatens tuna populations, making them vulnerable to decline.

Additionally, longline fishing can unintentionally catch other species, known as bycatch. Non-target fish and marine life also get caught, which disrupts the ecosystem. This can lead to further imbalances in marine environments. Over time, reduced tuna populations can affect the overall health of ocean ecosystems.

Sustainability is critical for the future of tuna populations. Implementing fishing quotas and promoting responsible fishing practices can help. These measures aim to balance the need for tuna with the health of marine environments. Longline fishing’s impact on tuna populations requires careful management to ensure their survival and the stability of ocean ecosystems.

What Is Purse Seining and How Is It Employed for Tuna Catching?

Purse seining is a fishing method that uses a large net to encircle schools of fish, particularly tuna. The net, called a purse seine, has weights at the bottom and floats at the top to create a wall. When the net is completely around the school, it is drawn tight like a purse, trapping the fish inside.

The definition of purse seining is supported by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), which describes it as an efficient technique for catching fish in schools. Purse seining is a preferred method for targeting species like tuna due to its effectiveness and relatively low bycatch when done correctly.

Purse seining involves several stages: finding the fish, deploying the net to encircle the school, and then closing the net to capture the fish. This method often employs technology such as sonar and aircraft to locate fish. It is commonly used in both commercial and sustainable fishing practices.

According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), purse seine fishing can significantly impact fish populations if not regulated. Sustainable practices are vital to maintaining fish stocks and protecting marine ecosystems.

Contributing factors to the effectiveness of purse seining include the natural behavior of tuna to school, favorable ocean conditions, and advances in fishing technology. These factors can lead to high catch rates, raising concerns over overfishing.

In 2019, global tuna production through purse seining reached approximately 4.7 million metric tons, according to the FAO. Projections estimate that if current practices continue, many tuna species could become overfished by 2030, affecting both ecosystems and global fisheries.

The broader impacts of purse seining include ecological imbalances, depletion of fish stocks, and economic challenges for communities relying on fishing. These challenges can disrupt local food supplies and create social unrest.

Dimensions affected include health, as overfishing can lead to malnutrition in communities dependent on fish, environmental concerns such as habitat destruction, and economic repercussions for those in the fishing industry.

For instance, Pacific island nations have faced declining fish stocks, affecting food security and livelihoods. As tuna stocks decline, fishing communities suffer economically.

To address these issues, organizations like the World Wildlife Fund advocate for sustainable fishing practices, including catch limits and monitoring programs. Adopting these measures helps ensure responsible management of tuna populations.

Strategies to mitigate the negative effects of purse seining include using eco-friendly fishing gear, establishing marine protected areas, and investing in alternative livelihoods for fishing communities. Implementing these practices can promote conservation and economic stability.

What Are the Environmental Groups’ Views on Purse Seining?

Environmental groups generally view purse seining as a controversial fishing method. They express concerns about its impact on marine ecosystems and non-target species. While some advocate for its efficiency in catching fish, others highlight the environmental risks involved.

1. Overfishing Concerns:
2. Bycatch Issues:
3. Habitat Destruction:
4. Species Population Decline:
5. Sustainable Alternatives:

The complexities of the arguments around purse seining lead to varying opinions among environmental groups.

1. Overfishing Concerns:
   Environmental groups emphasize that purse seining can lead to significant overfishing. Overfishing occurs when fish are caught at a rate faster than they can reproduce. This can deplete fish populations and disrupt marine ecosystems. According to the FAO, over 70% of the world’s fish stocks are either fully fished or overfished. Studies indicate that purse seining contributes heavily to the decline in tuna and sardine populations.

2. Bycatch Issues:
   Bycatch refers to the unintended capture of non-target species during fishing. Purse seines can trap not only the intended fish but also dolphins, sea turtles, and other marine animals. The World Wildlife Fund reports significant bycatch rates for purse-seined fish. For instance, it is estimated that dolphin populations have severely declined due to purse seining practices targeting tuna schools. This raises ethical concerns about the sustainability of the method.

3. Habitat Destruction:
   Habitat destruction refers to the damage caused to marine environments by fishing practices. Purse seines can affect the seabed and nearby habitats, disrupting ecosystem dynamics. For example, the deployment of large nets can damage coral reefs and other critical habitats. The United Nations Environment Programme has highlighted habitat destruction as a major concern linked to purse seining.

4. Species Population Decline:
   Species population decline is a critical concern regarding the use of purse seining. Target species, such as tuna, face pressure from intense fishing efforts. The International Tuna Conservation Organization has documented declining populations in various tuna species due to high catch rates from purse seines. Reduced fish stocks threaten the health of marine ecosystems and the fishing industry itself.

5. Sustainable Alternatives:
   Some environmental groups advocate for sustainable fishing methods as alternatives to purse seining. Techniques such as pole-and-line fishing or using fish traps are seen as more environmentally friendly. These methods have lower bycatch rates and minimize habitat destruction. Studies show that transitioning to such practices can help conserve fish populations and maintain ecosystem balance.

In conclusion, environmental groups have diverse perspectives on purse seining. They highlight significant concerns related to overfishing, bycatch, habitat destruction, and species population decline while promoting sustainable alternatives.

How Do Fishing Techniques for Tuna Differ by Region?

Fishing techniques for tuna vary significantly by region due to local practices, environmental conditions, and species targeted. These differences influence methods used such as purse seining, longlining, and troll fishing.

In the Pacific region, purse seining is widely employed. This method involves encircling large schools of tuna with a net. Fishermen then draw the net closed to capture the fish. Purse seining is efficient and can catch large quantities of tuna at once. According to a study by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2021), this method accounts for a significant portion of the Pacific tuna catch, demonstrating its economic importance.

In the Atlantic region, longlining is more prevalent. This technique uses a main line with multiple baited hooks attached at intervals. Longlining targets larger tuna species like bluefin. It allows for selective fishing, reducing bycatch. Research by the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT, 2020) indicates that longlining is responsible for about 40% of the bluefin tuna catch in the Atlantic.

In the Mediterranean Sea, trap fishing is commonly practiced. Fishermen set stationary nets that capture tuna as they migrate through the area. This method is traditional and less harmful to the environment because it can be less invasive. A report by the Mediterranean Fisheries Technical Group (2022) highlights its importance for local economies and sustainable practices.

In tropical regions, trolling is a popular method. This involves towing baited lines behind a moving boat. It is effective for catching smaller tuna species like skipjack. Trolling allows for controlled fishing and adapts to varying environmental conditions. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, 2019) states that trolling contributes to the livelihoods of many artisanal fishers in tropical waters.

Overall, these techniques reflect regional adaptations to fishing environments, species behavior, and conservation efforts. Understanding these differences aids in the management and sustainability of tuna fisheries globally.

What Regional Regulations Affect Tuna Fishing Practices?

The regional regulations affecting tuna fishing practices include various international and local agreements that aim to conserve tuna stocks and promote sustainable fishing.

1. Fisheries management organizations (e.g., WCPFC, ICCAT)
2. National regulations (e.g., quotas, seasonal closures)
3. Environmental impact assessments
4. Bycatch reduction measures
5. Fishing gear restrictions

These regulations vary widely across regions and can lead to differing perspectives on their effectiveness and implications for local fishing communities.

1. Fisheries management organizations:
   Fisheries management organizations, such as the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) and the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT), play crucial roles in tuna fishing regulation. These organizations establish guidelines and quotas to manage tuna stocks effectively. According to the WCPFC, sustainable management helps maintain the health of tuna populations, which is vital for the ecosystem and the fishing industry. In a 2021 report, the FAO noted that effective regulations can improve long-term economic stability for coastal communities that rely on tuna fishing.

2. National regulations:
   National regulations vary from country to country and may include fishing quotas, licensing requirements, and seasonal closures aimed at protecting spawning populations. For example, the United States implements strict tuna fishing quotas to avoid overfishing. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) guidelines ensure that tuna fisheries remain sustainable. Critics argue that overly stringent quotas may adversely impact the livelihoods of local fishermen, highlighting a tension between conservation and economic needs.

3. Environmental impact assessments:
   Environmental impact assessments (EIAs) are sometimes required before new fishing practices or gear are implemented. These assessments evaluate the potential ecological effects of fishing activities on marine environments, including tuna populations. The World Bank emphasizes that EIAs can inform better fishing practices that minimize environmental harm. However, some stakeholders believe that EIAs can delay fishing operations and hinder economic growth.

4. Bycatch reduction measures:
   Bycatch reduction measures aim to lower the unintended capture of non-target species during tuna fishing. Techniques such as using circle hooks and modifying fishing nets are often employed. According to a 2019 study by the Pew Charitable Trusts, these measures can significantly reduce the bycatch of juvenile fish and other marine species. While some fishermen support these changes for environmental reasons, others express concern regarding the additional costs and potential loss of income.

5. Fishing gear restrictions:
   Fishing gear restrictions involve specific requirements on the types of equipment that can be used in tuna fishing, such as limits on the use of certain nets or lines to promote sustainability. The FAO outlines that gear regulations can help maintain tuna populations by reducing overfishing and preserving marine biodiversity. Some fishermen argue that restrictive gear regulations can lead to economic losses and challenge their ability to compete in the market.

Overall, these regulations reflect ongoing efforts to balance economic interests with the need for conservation in tuna fishing practices.

What Environmental Considerations Must Be Acknowledged When Tuna Fishing?

The environmental considerations that must be acknowledged when tuna fishing include sustainability, bycatch, habitat impact, overfishing, and regulatory compliance.

1. Sustainability
2. Bycatch
3. Habitat Impact
4. Overfishing
5. Regulatory Compliance

To fully understand these considerations, it is essential to explore each point in detail.

1. Sustainability: Sustainability in tuna fishing refers to practices that ensure fish populations remain healthy for future generations. Responsible fishing methods help maintain the balance of marine ecosystems. According to a 2021 report from the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), sustainable practices can lead to healthier tuna stocks, which in turn support the economies relying on fishing.

2. Bycatch: Bycatch refers to the unintended capture of non-target species during fishing. This can include other fish, sea turtles, and seabirds. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) estimates that up to 40% of bycatch may end up discarded dead. Fishermen use circular hooks and other technologies to mitigate this issue, enhancing scriptural safety by reducing unnecessary mortality in non-target species.

3. Habitat Impact: Tuna fishing can impact marine habitats, especially through methods such as bottom trawling. This technique destroys essential seabed ecosystems. The Marine Conservation Society highlights that protecting habitats is crucial for maintaining biodiversity. Sustainable fishing practices aim to minimize these detrimental effects.

4. Overfishing: Overfishing occurs when fish are caught faster than they can reproduce. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) reports that one-third of global fish stocks are overfished. This situation can lead to a decline in tuna populations. Effective management strategies are required to regulate catch limits and promote fish population recovery.

5. Regulatory Compliance: Regulatory compliance involves adhering to laws and agreements set by governing bodies. Such regulations may include catch limits, fishing seasons, and area restrictions. Organizations like the International Seafood Sustainability Foundation (ISSF) emphasize that compliance ensures a balance between fishing industry needs and environmental health.

Addressing these environmental considerations is essential for the future of tuna fishing, the sustainability of marine ecosystems, and the livelihoods of those who rely on these resources.

How Can Sustainable Practices Be Integrated into Tuna Fishing?

Sustainable practices can be integrated into tuna fishing by promoting responsible fishing methods, enforcing regulations, and enhancing consumer awareness. These approaches help protect tuna populations and their habitats.

Responsible fishing methods include using selective gear and minimizing bycatch, which refers to unintended capture of non-target species. For example, using circle hooks reduces the likelihood of harming non-target species such as sea turtles. A study by Lewison et al. (2014) reported that using these hooks decreased bycatch rates significantly. Additionally, employing fish aggregating devices (FADs) designed to attract target species while keeping bycatch to a minimum can enhance sustainability.

Enforcing regulations plays a crucial role in sustaining tuna stocks. Governments and organizations can set quotas to limit the number of fish caught annually. The International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) established catch limits that help maintain population levels. According to a report by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), countries adhering to these limits have shown signs of recovery in tuna populations.

Enhancing consumer awareness is vital for promoting sustainable tuna fishing. Educating consumers about choosing sustainably sourced tuna can drive demand for responsibly caught fish. Certifications, such as those from the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), signal that products meet certain sustainability standards. A study from the University of Washington (2017) found that consumers are more likely to choose certified sustainable seafood when they are informed about the impact of their purchasing decisions.

By implementing these practices, the tuna fishing industry can move toward sustainability while ensuring the health of ocean ecosystems.

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