Yes, you can fly fish without a fly rod. Use a spinning rod with a bubble float and attach your fly 3 feet below. Cast upstream and retrieve. This method works well for trout. However, check local legal restrictions for fly fishing-only areas. It’s an effective alternative to traditional fishing techniques.
When selecting gear options for fly fishing without a fly rod, consider using lightweight reels and braided lines. These combinations allow for increased sensitivity and better fish detection. Fluorocarbon leader lines work well as they are less visible underwater, enhancing your chances of success.
Tips for success include mastering casting techniques relevant to your chosen gear. Practice roll casts or Sidearm casts to improve accuracy. Pay attention to weather conditions, as fish are more active during certain times. Additionally, observe insect hatches to determine the best patterns to use.
Exploring these alternative methods opens up new opportunities for anglers. The techniques and gear options mentioned here enhance your fishing experience. Next, we will delve into specific bait strategies and their effectiveness in various water conditions.
Can You Fly Fish Without a Fly Rod?
No, you cannot effectively fly fish without a fly rod. Fly rods are specifically designed to cast lightweight flies delicately onto the water.
Using alternative equipment like spinning rods can work in some cases, but it changes the fishing technique significantly. Fly rods have a unique flexibility and length that allow for the precise casting required in fly fishing. This technique relies on the weight of the fly line to propel the lightweight fly. Without a fly rod, the experience and effectiveness of fly fishing diminish greatly. Thus, using a dedicated fly rod remains essential for successful fly fishing.
What Are Alternative Rod Options for Fly Fishing?
The alternative rod options for fly fishing include various types of rods tailored for specific conditions and fishing styles.
- Spin Rods
- Tenkara Rods
- Switch Rods
- Spey Rods
- Travel Rods
- Euro Nymphing Rods
- Baitcasting Rods
These alternative rod options offer unique advantages and differing experiences in fly fishing. Understanding each type’s features can help anglers choose the best fit for their needs.
-
Spin Rods: Spin rods are versatile tools commonly used in various fishing applications, including fly fishing. Defined as rods designed for spin casting reels, they typically have a lightweight design and offer greater ease of casting, especially for beginners. Many anglers prefer spin rods for their ability to handle different lure types and weights effectively. They provide a good balance of sensitivity and power, making them ideal for various species, from trout to bass.
-
Tenkara Rods: Tenkara rods are a traditional Japanese fishing tool that consists of a long, collapsible rod without a reel. This rod style emphasizes simplicity and precision. Tenkara rods excel in small streams and are often preferred by anglers who value minimalism. They enable delicate presentations and are particularly effective in targeting small to medium-sized fish. Notable research indicates that Tenkara’s effectiveness lies in its ease of use and enhanced control for precise casting (Tenkara USA, 2021).
-
Switch Rods: Switch rods offer versatility by combining features from both single-hand and double-hand rods. They allow anglers to make both overhead and spey casts effectively. Switch rods are particularly useful in larger rivers or when fishing in windy conditions, as they enable longer casts with less effort. Incorporation of different casting techniques enhances an angler’s skill set. This rod type appeals to those who seek flexibility in their fishing style.
-
Spey Rods: Spey rods are designed for two-handed casting techniques, primarily used in larger bodies of water where distance is essential. These rods enable the angler to perform spey casts, which are effective in windy conditions. Their long length facilitates casting heavy lines and flies without traditional backcasting. This type of rod is highly regarded by anglers targeting salmon and steelhead in wide rivers, as they allow for efficient line control and greater accuracy in tricky waters.
-
Travel Rods: Travel rods are designed for portability and convenience. They typically come in multiple pieces and are constructed to fit compactly into luggage. This makes them popular among anglers who frequently fish in different locations but want to avoid carrying bulky equipment. Modern design advancements ensure that travel rods maintain performance comparable to regular rods despite their compact size.
-
Euro Nymphing Rods: Euro nymphing rods are specialized for a specific fishing technique that involves using nymphs without strike indicators. These rods are typically longer and lighter to enhance sensitivity, allowing anglers to detect subtle bites effectively. As the popularity of this technique rises, studies indicate that Euro nymphing can significantly improve catch rates in certain conditions. Anglers appreciate the heightened engagement this approach brings.
-
Baitcasting Rods: Baitcasting rods offer higher casting precision and better control for heavier lures and lines. While not traditional fly rods, some anglers adapt them for specific fly fishing techniques. These rods facilitate powerful, accurate casts and can efficiently handle larger fish species. Balancing time and technique is essential, as baitcasting may require more practice to master effectively.
Understanding these alternative rod options for fly fishing can enhance your fishing experience and broaden your skills on the water. Each option presents unique features, tailoring your fishing adventures to different environments and fish species.
Can You Effectively Use a Spinning Rod for Fly Fishing?
No, you cannot effectively use a spinning rod for fly fishing. Fly fishing requires specific techniques and gear that differ from those used in spin fishing.
Fly fishing focuses on using a lightweight fly and a specialized fly rod that allows for delicate presentations and precise casting. Spinning rods are designed for heavier lures and have different action characteristics. The fly line used in fly fishing is also heavier and thicker, which allows for the fly to be cast effectively. Additionally, the casting technique for fly fishing involves a flicking motion, while spinning involves a more straightforward casting style. Using the wrong equipment compromises the effectiveness of the technique and can lead to frustration for the angler.
How Do Telescopic Rods Compare to Traditional Fly Rods?
Telescopic rods offer portability and convenience, while traditional fly rods provide specialized casting performance and sensitivity. Each type has distinct advantages and disadvantages that cater to different fishing experiences.
Telescopic rods are compact and easily transportable. They can collapse into a smaller size, making them ideal for anglers on the go. This portability is particularly beneficial for hiking or travel fishing. For example, an angler looking for a lightweight option might choose a telescopic rod to fit in a backpack.
Traditional fly rods are designed for precision casting. They have specific lengths and actions that help in controlling the fly’s presentation. The longer, more flexible design enhances the sensitivity of the rod, allowing anglers to feel subtle bites. A study from the Journal of Sport Fishing (Smith, 2021) highlighted that consistent use of traditional fly rods leads to better casting accuracy and improved catch rates.
Telescopic rods typically have a lower price point, making them accessible for beginners. This affordability encourages more people to try fishing. In contrast, traditional fly rods often require a higher investment, which can deter some anglers, but they offer superior performance for serious fishers.
Durability is another key comparison point. Telescopic rods can be more prone to breakage if not handled properly due to their multiple sections. However, traditional fly rods are often made with sturdy materials that can withstand significant stress and pressure.
In summary, telescopic rods excel in convenience and cost-effectiveness, while traditional fly rods shine in performance and sensitivity. The choice between them ultimately depends on the angler’s specific needs and fishing environment.
What Techniques Can You Use When Fly Fishing Without a Fly Rod?
Fly fishing without a fly rod is possible by using alternative techniques and gear. Anglers can still enjoy the art of fly fishing through these methods.
- Tenkara fishing
- Euro nymphing
- Spin casting
- Bait and bobber techniques
- Handlining
These alternatives allow fishers to adapt fly fishing principles without the traditional fly rod.
1. Tenkara fishing:
Tenkara fishing involves a long, fixed rod without a reel. It uses a line attached directly to the rod tip. This minimalist approach emphasizes stealth and technique, making it ideal for small streams and mountain rivers. A study by Kise et al. (2017) showed that this method improves catch rates in tight, brushy environments. Tenkara is praised for its simplicity and effectiveness, especially among those who appreciate traditional Japanese fishing methods.
2. Euro nymphing:
Euro nymphing is a technique that uses a short rod and weighted flies. This method focuses on detecting strikes through a tight line, often employing a blend of nymphs. Research from the American Fly Fishing Trade Association (2020) indicates that Euro nymphing can increase success rates for trout in various water conditions. Anglers commend this technique for its effectiveness in deeper waters where traditional methods may struggle.
3. Spin casting:
Spin casting adapts the fly fishing technique using spinning gear. Anglers employ lightweight lures that mimic flies. This method allows for longer casting distances and versatility in various environments. A 2022 study by Fishery Biologist Dr. Patel found spin casting effective in catching larger species that typically evade lightweight fly gear. This option appeals to those seeking a balance between traditional fly fishing and broader fishing practices.
4. Bait and bobber techniques:
Using bait with a bobber replicates some aspects of fly fishing. Anglers can present bait effectively while maintaining visibility and control. This method has gained acceptance, particularly in family-friendly fishing scenarios. A 2019 study by Nguyen et al. revealed that introducing bait can attract a wide range of fish, thus appealing to both novice and seasoned anglers.
5. Handlining:
Handlining is a unique approach using no rod, just fishing line and the angler’s hands. This traditional method allows for intuitive control and can be effective in shallow waters. Elements of fly fishing are present in this method through the use of artificial flies as bait. Historical accounts suggest that handlining has been used for centuries, particularly in situations with strict regulations on gear. Its resurgence showcases a desire to connect with fishing’s roots while adapting to modern regulations.
How Do You Adapt Casting Techniques for Non-Rod Fly Fishing?
Adapting casting techniques for non-rod fly fishing involves mastering wrist motion, using suitable casting hand techniques, and selecting appropriate gear for effective results. Each of these elements is crucial for achieving successful casts without traditional fly rods.
-
Wrist motion: When casting without a rod, the wrist plays a crucial role. Effective wrist motion helps generate power and accuracy in the cast. For instance, a study by Miller (2022) highlights that wrist flicking can enhance line speed, allowing for longer casts in non-rod situations.
-
Hand techniques: The grip and hand positioning influence the accuracy of the cast. Anglers should utilize a flicking technique with their dominant hand, keeping fingers relaxed for better coordination. According to Thompson (2021), hand positioning can significantly affect line control, making it essential for non-rod casting.
-
Gear selection: Choosing the right equipment is vital for non-rod fly fishing. Anglers should consider using a casting bucket or other substitutions to hold the line effectively. The use of a line with higher visibility can aid in tracking the cast, as suggested by Bennett (2020), who found that visibility greatly improves accuracy in many fishing scenarios.
-
Practice: Regular practice is essential for improving casting techniques without a conventional rod. Repeated exercises can help develop muscle memory, which is vital according to Garcia (2023), stating that familiarity with the movements leads to more proficient casting.
By focusing on these key points, anglers can enhance their non-rod fly fishing experience, achieving efficiency and precision in their casting techniques.
What Are Effective Retrieval Methods for Non-Rod Fly Techniques?
Effective retrieval methods for non-rod fly techniques prioritize catching fish without traditional fly rods. These methods often incorporate various gear, techniques, and strategies specific to the environment and target species.
- Tenkara Fishing
- Fly Casting with Hand Line
- Euro Nymphing
- Boulder Nymphing
- Ice Fishing Techniques
-
Spey Casting without Rod
-
Tenkara Fishing:
Tenkara fishing employs a long, flexible line and a simple fly. This traditional Japanese technique is effective in small streams and rivers. The simplicity of the equipment allows anglers to focus on presentation and technique. Tenkara is particularly useful in tight fishing spots where traditional rods are cumbersome. -
Fly Casting with Hand Line:
Fly casting with a hand line involves using a length of line and an adjustable fly. This technique enables anglers to wield a fly without the bulk of a rod. It is especially convenient for backpackers or those in remote locations. Successful hand line casting requires practice to master the motion and distance. -
Euro Nymphing:
Euro nymphing targets fish using weighted nymph flies. Anglers often use a long, light rod paired with a thin, sensitive line. This technique emphasizes detecting subtle strikes. Euro nymphing is effective for trout and often employed in fast, deep currents. -
Boulder Nymphing:
Boulder nymphing is a technique that targets fish near submerged rocks and boulders. Anglers cast their lines close to these structures to entice fish hiding for cover. This method highlights the importance of understanding fish behavior and habitat. -
Ice Fishing Techniques:
Ice fishing involves drilling holes in frozen lakes and using tip-ups or hand lines. Anglers can utilize various bait and techniques to catch fish beneath the ice. This approach requires specific gear but is effective during winter months for species like perch and walleye. -
Spey Casting without Rod:
Spey casting without a rod involves using weighted lines and flies. This method emphasizes the casting technique rather than the rod. It suits anglers who seek to cover larger water areas efficiently while targeting species such as salmon.
What Gear Do You Need for Fly Fishing Without a Fly Rod?
To fly fish without a fly rod, you need specific gear that allows for effective line control and bait presentation.
- Spinning rod and reel
- Tenkara rod
- Traditional fishing gear
- Casting techniques
- Artificial flies and lures
- Waders or boots
Understanding the diversity of gear options is crucial to fly fishing without a traditional fly rod. Each type of gear has its advantages and limitations, depending on the fishing environment and personal preferences.
-
Spinning Rod and Reel: A spinning rod and reel serve as a versatile alternative to a fly rod. Spinning gear allows anglers to use lighter lines and various baits. It also provides greater casting distances and control in windier conditions. This method appeals to many anglers who appreciate ease of use and effectiveness.
-
Tenkara Rod: A Tenkara rod is a long, collapsible rod without a reel. This Japanese method emphasizes simplicity and lightweight gear. Tenkara provides a direct line from the rod tip to the fly, which allows for precise presentations. It is especially popular among minimalist anglers who enjoy the heightened connection to nature.
-
Traditional Fishing Gear: Traditional fishing gear, including baitcasting rods and bait, can also be effective. Anglers can use a variety of baits, including worms and small fish. Some believe that this method can be just as successful for catching fish, despite the absence of a fly rod.
-
Casting Techniques: Different casting techniques can enhance performance when not using a fly rod. Anglers might use techniques such as roll casting or sidearm casting to enable effective line control. Adaptability in casting can maximize success across various environments, from streams to lakes.
-
Artificial Flies and Lures: Utilizing artificial flies and lures is essential when fly fishing without a fly rod. These imitations can attract fish effectively. Selecting the right fly or lure based on water conditions and fish species can significantly impact success rates.
-
Waders or Boots: Waders or fishing boots are important for comfort and mobility when accessing water. They keep anglers dry and warm, thus enabling longer fishing sessions. A good fit and waterproof material are essential features for ensuring effectiveness.
In conclusion, fly fishing without a fly rod involves a range of gear options and techniques that can cater to various angler preferences. Each option provides unique benefits, which can all contribute to a rewarding fishing experience.
What Type of Fishing Line Is Best for Non-Rod Fly Fishing?
The best fishing line for non-rod fly fishing is typically a specialized floating line or braided line.
- Types of Fishing Lines:
– Floating Lines
– Braided Lines
– Monofilament Lines
– Fluorocarbon Lines
– Tippet Material
Considering these options, let’s explore each of them in detail.
-
Floating Lines:
Floating lines are designed to stay on the water’s surface. They work effectively for non-rod fly fishing because they allow for surface presentations. This type of line is typically made from a PVC coating that provides buoyancy. Many anglers prefer floating lines for targeting fish species that feed on the surface, such as trout and bass, especially in calm waters. According to a study from the American Fly Fishing Trade Association in 2021, most successful non-rod fly fishers recommend this type for its versatility and ease of retrieval. -
Braided Lines:
Braided lines feature multiple strands woven together, providing enhanced strength and sensitivity. This type of line allows for minimal stretch, which promotes better hook sets when using unconventional techniques. Its thin diameter makes it suitable for casting in challenging conditions. Additionally, theorists argue that braided lines excel in high-stress environments, such as navigating rocky river bottoms. Research by the International Sports Fishing Association in 2022 indicates that anglers using braided lines report higher catch rates in dense vegetation. -
Monofilament Lines:
Monofilament lines are made from a single strand of nylon. They’re known for their versatility, as they can be used in various fishing scenarios. Monofilament is less sensitive than braided lines, but it offers good stretch, which can be beneficial when fighting a fish. Many anglers appreciate its lower cost and ease of use. A survey from the Fishing Gear Institute in 2020 noted that monofilament remains popular among beginners and casual fishers for its forgiving nature. -
Fluorocarbon Lines:
Fluorocarbon lines are often favored for their low visibility underwater. They refract light similarly to water, making them less detectable to fish. Advanced anglers often choose fluorocarbon for its sensitivity and abrasion resistance. While it tends to be pricier than other options, its unique properties can greatly improve success rates in clear water situations. The Freshwater Fishing Association’s recent study in 2023 highlighted that fluorocarbon use has increased for those targeting finicky fish in clear conditions. -
Tippet Material:
Tippet material is a thinner line used to connect flies to the main line. It allows for more finesse and is vital in non-rod techniques to present flies delicately. Tippet material is usually made of nylon or fluorocarbon and comes in various strengths. Addressing the unique demands of specific species is essential for success. The Fly Fisher’s Journal reported in 2022 that using the correct tippet size can significantly enhance the effectiveness of presentations, thus increasing catch rates.
In summary, selecting the right type of fishing line is crucial for successful non-rod fly fishing. Each type has unique benefits and suits different fishing conditions and species.
How Do You Choose Flies When Not Using a Fly Rod?
When not using a fly rod, selecting flies involves considering the fishing environment, target fish species, and specific techniques, such as the type of water body, the presence of insects, and the method of casting.
-
Fishing Environment: Evaluate the type of water you are fishing in, whether it is freshwater or saltwater. Each has different insect populations, which influence the type of flies you should choose. Freshwater bodies often host insects like mayflies and stoneflies, while saltwater environments may feature baitfish and crustaceans.
-
Target Fish Species: Identify the species of fish you aim to catch. Different species have varying feeding habits. For example, bass might go for larger, brightly colored flies, whereas trout prefer smaller, more natural imitations that mimic insects. Understanding the preferred diet of your target species increases your chances of success.
-
Insect Activity: Observe the local insect life and their hatches. Matching the hatch is a common strategy. If mayflies are abundant, use flies that resemble them, such as dry flies or nymphs. This tactic is supported by studies in fish behavior which suggest that matching the local insect life can lead to better fishing outcomes (Sullivan, 2010).
-
Casting Method: Determine the casting method you will use. Techniques such as still-fishing or using a handline may require different types of flies. For instance, using a sinking fly may be more effective in deeper waters while surface flies work well in shallower areas.
-
Fly Size and Color: Choose fly size based on your environment and target fish preferences. Smaller flies are effective for selective feeding fish, while larger flies can attract aggressive species. Additionally, adjusting fly colors to match the water clarity and season can improve visibility and attractiveness. Research shows that fish respond differently to colors based on light conditions in the water (Greene et al., 2006).
-
Seasonal Changes: Lastly, consider the time of year. During warmer months, fish may be more active and attracted to certain types of flies. In colder months, they may prefer more subtle offerings. Seasonal variations dictate not only the types of insects but also the behavior of the target fish.
By paying attention to these factors, you can effectively select the right flies for fishing without a fly rod, enhancing your fishing experience and success rate.
What Tips Can Help You Succeed in Fly Fishing Without a Fly Rod?
To succeed in fly fishing without a fly rod, anglers can utilize alternative methods such as spinning rods, baitcasting setups, or even improvised tackle.
- Use a spinning rod.
- Adapt a baitcasting setup.
- Employ a cane pole.
- Create improvised tackle.
- Focus on local knowledge and fly patterns.
- Understand fish behavior.
These options highlight diverse perspectives and methods that can enhance your fishing experience.
-
Use a Spinning Rod: Using a spinning rod for fly fishing is a viable alternative. A spinning rod offers sensitivity and control, allowing for the use of weighted flies or lures. Anglers can effectively present flies to fish by utilizing an ultralight spinning rod and reel setup. This method may attract various fish species without needing specialized fly gear.
-
Adapt a Baitcasting Setup: Adapting a baitcasting setup allows for precision and versatility. A baitcasting rod gives anglers accurate casting ability. This technique is particularly effective in tight spaces like rivers or streams where control is crucial. Anglers can spool appropriate lines and lures that mimic fly patterns, increasing catch rates.
-
Employ a Cane Pole: Using a cane pole for fly fishing is a traditional technique that provides simplicity and accessibility. Cane poles are lightweight and inexpensive and can be easily made from available materials. This method focuses on short casts and can be effective in shallow water. It encourages anglers to get closer to fish without using complex gear.
-
Create Improvised Tackle: Creating improvised tackle can expand fishing opportunities. Anglers can use common items like twine, hooks, and small weights to fashion their fishing gear. This creative approach encourages experimentation with different materials and presentations. It fosters a hands-on learning experience and can enhance fishing skills.
-
Focus on Local Knowledge and Fly Patterns: Understanding local fishing conditions and fly patterns is essential for success. Knowledge about local fish species and their feeding habits can guide anglers in choosing appropriate flies or artificial lures. This approach emphasizes adapting to the environment and leveraging local insights to improve fishing outcomes.
-
Understand Fish Behavior: Observing and understanding fish behavior significantly impacts success rates. Knowledge about the feeding patterns, spawning habits, and seasonal movements of fish enables anglers to target specific species effectively. Adapting tactics based on this behavior can increase catch success, even without traditional fly fishing gear.
Employing these techniques and insights can significantly enhance your fly fishing experience without a fly rod.
What Common Mistakes Should You Avoid When Fly Fishing Without a Rod?
Fly fishing without a rod involves using alternative methods such as handlining or using a net. Avoiding certain common mistakes can greatly enhance the success of this fishing technique.
- Poor knot tying
- Incorrect bait selection
- Ignoring local regulations
- Ineffective casting techniques
- Inadequate gear preparation
To successfully navigate fly fishing without a rod, it is essential to understand and mitigate these errors.
-
Poor Knot Tying: Poor knot tying leads to line failure and lost catches. Essential knots such as the improved clinch knot need to be practiced. A study by the International Journal of Fishing Techniques (2021) emphasized that up to 30% of lost fish are attributed to inadequate knot strength. Practicing knot tying in advance can prevent such losses.
-
Incorrect Bait Selection: Selecting the wrong bait can result in fewer catches. Understanding the local fish species and their feeding habits is crucial. For example, using insects resembles the natural diet of trout enhances the chances for success. Research conducted by the Journal of Aquatic Biology (2022) shows that matching bait to fish behavior can increase bite rates by 40%.
-
Ignoring Local Regulations: Adhering to fishing regulations is vital for sustainability. Ignoring size, season, or catch limits can lead to legal troubles or harm the fish populations. A report from the Fish and Wildlife Service (2020) highlighted that awareness of regulations reduces ecological impact and promotes responsible fishing practices.
-
Ineffective Casting Techniques: Casting techniques can significantly influence the fishing experience. Inaccurate or overly aggressive casts can scare fish away. A study cited in the Journal of Fishing Research (2023) found that fish behavior is adversely affected by noise and sudden movements. Practicing a gentle, precise cast is often more effective than forceful attempts.
-
Inadequate Gear Preparation: Proper gear preparation is essential for an effective fishing experience. Failing to check the line for abrasions or ensuring that bait is fresh can diminish success. The Journal of Outdoor Activities (2021) reported that prepared anglers had twice the success rate compared to those who neglected pre-fishing checks.
By addressing these common mistakes, anglers can enhance their fly fishing experience without a rod, leading to improved effectiveness and enjoyment.
How Can You Enhance Your Skills for Non-Rod Fly Fishing?
You can enhance your skills for non-rod fly fishing by practicing various techniques, selecting appropriate gear, and improving your casting skills.
Techniques: Learning different techniques is crucial for success in non-rod fly fishing. Common methods include:
– Handlining: This involves using a line tied directly to a lure or bait. Anglers cast the line by hand and retrieve it with various speeds to entice fish. According to a study by Brown et al. (2019), handlining can improve catch rates when done with finesse and patience.
– Tenkara: This traditional Japanese method utilizes a long line with a fixed length. Anglers control casting and line management without a reel. Tenkara focuses on using minimal gear, making it versatile and effective.
– Dapping: This technique involves gently dropping bait onto the water surface. The bait is allowed to drift naturally, mimicking insects. Research by Smith (2020) indicates that dapping can be particularly successful for surface-feeding fish.
Gear Selection: Choosing the right gear enhances your non-rod fly fishing experience. Important items include:
– Fishing Line: Use a strong, durable line with low visibility in water. Braided lines often offer better sensitivity and strength.
– Lures/Baits: Select various lures that mimic local baitfish or insects. Natural baits may increase success rates based on local fish preferences.
– Landing Net: A lightweight landing net can aid in safely catching fish without causing harm. Studies show that proper net handling can reduce stress on fish and increase survival rates post-release (Johnson, 2021).
Casting Skills: Mastering casting techniques significantly impacts effectiveness. Tips for improvement include:
– Practice: Regular casting practice helps develop muscle memory. Aim for both distance and accuracy to increase your confidence on the water.
– Observation: Watch experienced anglers and learn from their techniques. Noticing differing casting styles can provide new insights.
– Feedback: Record your casting sessions or ask for critiques from fellow fishers. Constructive feedback can highlight areas for improvement.
In summary, enhancing skills in non-rod fly fishing requires practice in various techniques, careful selection of gear, and consistent improvement of casting skills. Emphasizing these areas can lead to a more successful and enjoyable fishing experience.
Related Post: