African cichlids are colorful freshwater fish native to Africa’s Great Lakes, including Lake Malawi and Lake Tanganyika. They show diverse behavioral traits and adaptability. With over 1,200 species, they are popular with beginner hobbyists. Care requires understanding specific water parameters for their health.
Several species of African cichlids vary in size, color, and temperament. Common examples include the Malawi cichlids, like Mbunas, and the Tanganyikan cichlids. Each species has unique social dynamics, so research is crucial before selection.
Setting up a suitable aquarium involves choosing the right substrate, typically sand or gravel, and maintaining adequate filtration. Regular water changes are essential to keep the environment stable.
With proper care, African cichlids can be vibrant and active additions to your aquarium. Understanding their specific needs will help ensure their health and longevity. Next, we will explore the best tank mates for African cichlids, ensuring a harmonious community in your aquarium.
What Are African Cichlids and Where Do They Live?
African cichlids are a diverse group of freshwater fish found primarily in the Great Lakes of Africa, especially Lake Malawi, Lake Tanganyika, and Lake Victoria. They are known for their vibrant colors and varied behaviors.
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Main Habitats:
– Lake Malawi
– Lake Tanganyika
– Lake Victoria -
Characteristics:
– Colorful appearance
– Aggressive behavior
– Varied diet (herbivorous, carnivorous, or omnivorous)
– Parental care -
Popular Species:
– Mbuna
– Frontosa
– Peacocks
– Haplochromis -
Aquarist Interest:
– Breeding challenges
– Community tank compatibility
– Disease susceptibility -
Ecological Importance:
– Role in aquatic ecosystems
– Biodiversity hotspot
Understanding African cichlids involves exploring their unique habitats, characteristics, and ecological roles.
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Lake Malawi:
Lake Malawi is home to many African cichlid species. This lake has more than 1,000 endemic fish species. The rich biodiversity makes it a critical area for research and conservation. Cichlids from this lake often exhibit bright colors and distinct patterns. -
Lake Tanganyika:
Lake Tanganyika is the second deepest lake in the world. It houses cichlids that have adapted to a variety of habitats. The cichlid species here tend to have specialized diets, including carnivorous and herbivorous types. This lake is renowned for its long-lived and slow-maturing cichlids. -
Lake Victoria:
Lake Victoria has seen significant cichlid population declines due to environmental changes and invasive species. This lake once hosted a rich variety of cichlids, but habitat loss and overfishing have significantly reduced their numbers. Conservation efforts are critical to protect remaining populations. -
Colorful Appearance:
African cichlids are notable for their vibrant colors. These colors can serve various functions, such as attracting mates or signaling aggression. Bright coloration can also be a defense mechanism against predators. Certain species, like the peacock cichlids, are prized in the aquarium trade for their stunning hues. -
Aggressive Behavior:
Many African cichlids exhibit territorial behaviors. This aggression can be heightened during breeding seasons. It leads to complex social hierarchies among tank mates. Understanding their behaviors is key when setting up community aquariums. -
Varied Diet:
African cichlids have diverse dietary needs. Some are herbivores, feeding on algae and plant matter, while others are carnivorous or omnivorous. This variation affects their care, feeding habits, and aquarium setup. -
Parental Care:
Cichlids are known for their unique parental care strategies. Many are mouthbrooders, where eggs and young are kept in the parent’s mouth for protection. This behavior differs between species and impacts breeding success. -
Aquarist Interest:
Aquarists often select African cichlids for their vibrant colors and engaging behaviors. Breeding can be challenging due to aggressive tendencies. Understanding species compatibility is crucial for thriving community tanks. -
Ecological Importance:
African cichlids play a vital role in their ecosystems. They contribute to the health of aquatic environments through their feeding habits. Their diverse forms and roles help maintain biodiversity in their native lakes.
Understanding African cichlids enables aquarists and conservationists to appreciate their unique attributes and critical ecological roles.
Are All African Cichlids Freshwater or Saltwater Fish?
No, not all African cichlids are freshwater fish. Most African cichlids inhabit freshwater environments, primarily lakes like Lake Victoria and Lake Malawi. However, there are a few species that can tolerate brackish water.
African cichlids fall into two main categories: freshwater and brackish. The majority of these fish are freshwater species, adapting to various environments within lakes and rivers. For example, the colorful mbuna cichlids from Lake Malawi thrive in rocky areas. In contrast, some species, like the Cichla temensis, can survive in slightly salty conditions, indicating the diversity within cichlid habitats.
The positive aspects of African cichlids include their vibrant colors and varied personalities, making them popular among aquarium enthusiasts. According to the WorldFish Center, cichlids show a wide range of behaviors and are often very interactive, which enhances the joy of keeping them as pets. Their ability to adapt to different environments demonstrates their resilience.
On the negative side, keeping African cichlids can pose challenges. Due to their territorial nature, cichlids can exhibit aggressive behavior, especially in limited spaces. A study by Kohlmann et al. (2019) indicates that aggression levels can lead to stress and injury among tank mates. For new aquarium keepers, this can complicate community tank setups.
For those considering African cichlids, it is crucial to ensure proper tank conditions and compatibility with other species. Recommendations include researching the specific needs of different cichlid species, providing adequate space, and establishing hiding spots to reduce aggression. Additionally, consider starting with a group of juveniles to allow for natural social structures to develop as they grow.
What Popular Species of African Cichlids Should You Consider?
The popular species of African cichlids that you should consider for your aquarium include a diverse range of vibrant and colorful fish known for their unique behaviors.
- Malawi Cichlids
- Tanganyika Cichlids
- Victoria Cichlids
- Humphead Cichlid
- Mbuna Cichlids
To understand these species better, we will explore each point in detail, discussing their characteristics, care requirements, and habitat preferences.
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Malawi Cichlids:
Malawi cichlids represent a group of species from Lake Malawi, known for their striking colors and diverse shapes. These fish often exhibit aggressive behaviors but thrive in community tanks with good space and hiding spots. Common species include the Electric Yellow and the Red Zebra. They require a tank temperature between 24°C to 28°C and a pH level around 7.5 to 8.5. A study by Kwiatkowski and Mrozik (2021) highlighted the adaptability of Malawi cichlids to various aquarium setups. -
Tanganyika Cichlids:
Tanganyika cichlids originate from Lake Tanganyika and are known for their unique body shapes and social behaviors, such as forming pair bonds or harem arrangements. Species like the Frontosa and the Julidochromis are popular examples. They prefer rocky environments with plenty of caves for hiding. The tank temperature should be maintained at 24°C to 28°C, with a pH level of 8.0 to 9.0. Research conducted by Stauffer et al. (2018) shows that these species have specific dietary needs, often requiring high-protein foods. -
Victoria Cichlids:
Victoria cichlids come from Lake Victoria and are less common in the aquarium trade due to habitat loss. They are recognized for their vibrant colors and unique patterns, with species like the Haplochromis and the Boulengerochromis being notable. They thrive in a slightly acidic to neutral pH range of 6.0 to 7.5 and temperatures around 24°C to 28°C. Conservation efforts are crucial for these species, as indicated by the work of Seehausen (2019), which emphasizes the impact of environmental changes on their populations. -
Humphead Cichlid:
The humphead cichlid, or the Peacock Cichlid, is appreciated for its distinctive hump and vivid coloration. These fish require larger tank space to accommodate their size and territorial nature. A temperature range of 24°C to 28°C and a neutral pH of around 7.0 is ideal. Their unique breeding styles and care requirements can prove challenging for novice aquarists. Research by Konings (2020) highlights the importance of maintaining stable water conditions for their health and breeding success. -
Mbuna Cichlids:
Mbuna cichlids are popular among aquariums due to their bright colors and interesting behaviors. They require a heavily structured environment with plenty of rockwork to create hiding spots. Popular species include the Mbuna and the Kenyi. They thrive in a pH of 7.8 to 8.6 and temperatures of about 24°C to 28°C. Their aggressive nature requires careful selection of tankmates to avoid conflicts. A study by Ribbink et al. (2021) discusses the social dynamics of Mbuna in captive environments, noting their complex interactions.
In summary, choosing the right African cichlid species depends on your aquarium setup and willingness to manage their care requirements and behaviors. Each species offers unique visual appeal and behavioral traits, enriching the aquarium experience.
Which African Cichlid Species Are Best for Beginners?
The best African cichlid species for beginners include several hardy and adaptable options that thrive in home aquariums.
- African Blue Cichlid (Hypseleotris spp.)
- Yellow Lab Cichlid (Labidochromis caeruleus)
- Peacock Cichlid (Aulonocara spp.)
- Shell Dweller Cichlid (Neolamprologus multifasciatus)
- Electric Yellow Cichlid (Labidochromis macrochromis)
Transitioning from these popular species, let’s explore each one in further detail to understand their suitability for beginner aquarists.
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African Blue Cichlid: The African Blue Cichlid is known for its vibrant coloration and resilience. It can adapt to varying water conditions, making it a suitable choice for beginners. This species requires a well-maintained aquarium with proper filtration. They generally grow to about 4 to 6 inches in length, and their peaceful temperament allows them to coexist with other species.
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Yellow Lab Cichlid: The Yellow Lab Cichlid is a small, hardy fish that thrives in various water conditions. They typically reach about 4 to 5 inches long and display bright yellow coloration. This species is beginner-friendly due to its robust nature and ability to handle slight imperfections in water quality. They are also relatively peaceful, contributing to a harmonious tank environment.
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Peacock Cichlid: The Peacock Cichlid, known for its stunning array of colors, is another ideal choice for beginners. Typically, they grow up to 6 inches in length and can adjust well to different tank conditions. Their lively behavior enhances aquarium aesthetics. However, they do require hiding spots and caves for breeding, adding a layer of complexity to their care.
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Shell Dweller Cichlid: The Shell Dweller Cichlid is a smaller species that thrives in unique environments. Adults typically measure around 3 inches in length. They excel in tanks with sand substrate and decorative shells, which mimic their natural habitat. They can be a bit territorial, but their small size makes them manageable for beginners.
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Electric Yellow Cichlid: The Electric Yellow Cichlid features a striking yellow hue and is known for its friendly disposition. These fish generally reach about 5 to 6 inches in adult size and are adaptable to various tank conditions. Their sociable nature makes them a delightful addition to a community tank, perfect for novice aquarists.
Understanding these species allows beginners to select the right African cichlids for their aquariums, ensuring a vibrant and lively aquatic environment.
What Unique Characteristics Distinguish African Cichlids?
African cichlids are distinguished by their diverse colors, unique behaviors, and specialized adaptations. These traits contribute to their popularity among aquarium enthusiasts.
- Diversity of Species
- Vibrant Coloration
- Territorial Behavior
- Breeding Strategies
- Dietary Preferences
These unique characteristics showcase the complexity and appeal of African cichlids.
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Diversity of Species:
Diversity of species among African cichlids is significant, with over 1,000 recognized species. They inhabit various ecosystems, including lakes and rivers. Lake Malawi, for example, is home to around 700 species, exhibiting a wide range of forms and adaptations. This biodiversity allows them to occupy different niches and adapt to varying environments efficiently. -
Vibrant Coloration:
Vibrant coloration in African cichlids serves multiple purposes, including mating and territorial displays. Many species exhibit bright blues, yellows, and oranges, which attract mates and deter rivals. A study by G. R. Allen (2013) indicated that the coloration enhances reproductive success and helps species identify each other, reducing interbreeding. -
Territorial Behavior:
Territorial behavior is a key characteristic of African cichlids. Males are known to establish and defend territories to attract females. This behavior is often accompanied by displays of aggression towards intruders. According to research by J. A. K. Armitage (2016), this territoriality can lead to complex social structures within populations, impacting their mating success and survival. -
Breeding Strategies:
Breeding strategies among African cichlids are diverse, often involving mouthbrooding. In this strategy, females incubate fertilized eggs in their mouths until they hatch. This method offers protection to the young and increases survival rates. The work of T. S. Johnson (2015) highlighted that mouthbrooding cichlids have higher reproductive success in environments with predators. -
Dietary Preferences:
Dietary preferences vary significantly among African cichlids. Some are herbivores, feeding on algae, while others are carnivores, preying on smaller fish. These dietary differences contribute to their specialized adaptations and ecological roles. Research by A. W. L. Kullander (2018) found that these preferences help maintain the balance within their habitats, influencing the overall health of the ecosystem.
African cichlids are remarkable for their unique characteristics, enriching the diversity of freshwater fish species.
What Are the Essential Care Requirements for African Cichlids?
The essential care requirements for African cichlids include water quality management, diet, tank setup, social behavior considerations, and health monitoring.
- Water Quality Management
- Diet
- Tank Setup
- Social Behavior Considerations
- Health Monitoring
Understanding these essential care requirements is crucial for maintaining a healthy environment for African cichlids.
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Water Quality Management:
Water quality management is vital for the health of African cichlids. These fish thrive in hard, alkaline water with a pH ranging from 7.8 to 8.6. Experts recommend regular testing for ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate levels. Maintaining stable water temperature between 75°F to 82°F is also crucial. A study by the Journal of Applied Ichthyology (2018) highlights that poor water quality can lead to stress and illnesses such as fin rot, which can significantly affect cichlid populations. -
Diet:
Diet plays a significant role in cichlid care. African cichlids are primarily carnivorous and require a high-protein diet. A combination of pellets, flakes, and live or frozen foods like brine shrimp or bloodworms is ideal. Nutritionists suggest feeding high-quality spirulina-based pellets to ensure balanced nutrition. According to a study by the Marine Ornamental Fish Laboratory (2020), the right diet can enhance coloration and improve overall health in African cichlids. -
Tank Setup:
Tank setup must mimic the natural habitat of African cichlids. A minimum tank size of 30 gallons is recommended to provide enough space for swimming and territory establishment. Use rocks and caves for hiding spots, as these fish are territorial. Proper filtration is essential to maintain water quality. The American Cichlid Association emphasizes the importance of creating a dynamic environment to reduce stress and aggression among cichlids. -
Social Behavior Considerations:
Social behavior considerations are critical when keeping African cichlids. These fish can be aggressive, particularly during breeding. Keeping a higher ratio of females to males can help reduce aggression. The presence of hiding places can mitigate territorial disputes. An article from Fishkeeping Magazine (2021) advises aquarists to select compatible species to create a harmonious community tank. -
Health Monitoring:
Health monitoring is necessary for preventing and managing diseases in African cichlids. Regular observation for signs of stress or illness, such as rapid gill movement or lack of appetite, is essential. Quarantining new fish before introducing them to the main tank is recommended to prevent the spread of diseases. A study published in the Journal of Fish Diseases (2019) suggests that early detection of symptoms can lead to more effective treatment and better outcomes for affected fish.
What Is the Ideal Tank Size for African Cichlids?
African Cichlids require a specific tank size for optimal health and behavior. A minimum tank size of 30 gallons is recommended for keeping these vibrant fishes. This size accommodates their social and territorial nature, allowing them sufficient space to swim and establish territories.
According to the American Cichlid Association, proper tank size is crucial for maintaining a harmonious environment for African Cichlids. It plays a significant role in reducing stress and aggression among the fish.
The tank size influences water quality, filtration efficiency, and territorial behavior. Larger tanks offer stable water conditions and a reduced likelihood of territorial disputes. An appropriate tank size encourages natural behaviors and social interactions among cichlids.
The World Fish Center emphasizes that a 50-gallon tank is optimal for housing multiple cichlid species. Larger setups are also important for breeding purposes, as they provide necessary space for fry.
Factors affecting ideal tank size include the number of cichlids, their size, and specific species requirements. Overcrowding can lead to stress, aggression, and poor water conditions.
Data from the Fish Tank World indicates that tanks below 30 gallons typically face higher levels of ammonia and nitrate, leading to health issues in fish. Moreover, larger tanks generally decrease the frequency of water changes required for maintaining quality.
Improper tank sizing can result in stunted growth, enhanced aggression, and increased disease susceptibility. Healthy cichlids foster vibrant ecosystems, while poorly housed ones lead to environmental degradation.
To ensure proper care, experts recommend researching specific cichlid requirements and adhering to minimum size guidelines. Adequate filtration, water changes, and tank companions can further create a balanced aquarium environment.
Strategies such as creating hiding spots, ensuring adequate swim spaces, and monitoring fish behavior help optimize tank health and harmony. Utilize aquarium plants, rocks, and caves to enhance the habitat for African Cichlids.
What Water Parameters Are Best for African Cichlids?
The best water parameters for African cichlids include high pH, hard water, and stable temperatures.
- Optimal pH level: 7.8 to 8.6
- Water hardness: 10 to 20 dGH (degrees of general hardness)
- Temperature range: 75°F to 82°F (24°C to 28°C)
- Ammonia and nitrite levels: 0 ppm (parts per million)
- Nitrate levels: below 20 ppm
These parameters create a suitable environment for African cichlids. However, some aquarists may argue for slightly different ranges based on specific cichlid species, leading to diverse perspectives in the hobbyist community.
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Optimal pH Level:
The optimal pH level for African cichlids ranges from 7.8 to 8.6. This alkaline condition mimics their native waters in Africa. A study by Sadofsky (2021) emphasizes that a stable pH helps reduce stress in fish. Low pH levels can lead to health issues while high levels are generally tolerated better. -
Water Hardness:
Water hardness for African cichlids should be maintained between 10 to 20 degrees of general hardness (dGH). Hard water is essential for bone and scale formation. The minerals in hard water contribute to overall health. According to research by Williams (2019), softer water may lead to issues like low calcium levels affecting fish health. -
Temperature Range:
The temperature range for keeping African cichlids should be between 75°F and 82°F (24°C to 28°C). This warm environment encourages healthy metabolic activity. An experiment conducted by Zimmerman (2020) found that higher temperatures within this range can promote breeding behavior in several cichlid species. -
Ammonia and Nitrite Levels:
Ammonia and nitrite levels should be at 0 ppm, as both are toxic to fish. High levels can lead to serious health problems or death. Regular water testing is essential to avoid harmful spikes, as noted by the American Fisheries Society (2021). -
Nitrate Levels:
Nitrate levels should be maintained below 20 ppm. While lower levels are less toxic than ammonia or nitrites, prolonged exposure to high nitrates can harm cichlids. Regular water changes help manage these levels. Research by Sharp (2022) reinforces the need for monitoring to promote a healthy aquarium ecosystem.
How Do You Set Up the Perfect Environment for African Cichlids?
To set up the perfect environment for African cichlids, focus on maintaining appropriate water conditions, providing suitable tank decorations, and ensuring a proper diet.
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Water Conditions: African cichlids thrive in specific water parameters.
– pH Level: A pH range of 7.8 to 8.6 is ideal. This setting mimics their natural habitat in alkaline lakes like Lake Tanganyika and Lake Malawi.
– Temperature: Maintain a water temperature between 75°F to 80°F (24°C to 27°C) as these fish prefer warmer waters typical of their native environments.
– Hardness: A water hardness level of 10 to 18 dGH (degrees General Hardness) offers optimal conditions, supporting the health of these species. -
Tank Size: Choose an appropriate tank size.
– Minimum Size: A 30-gallon (around 113.5 liters) tank is recommended for a small group of African cichlids. Larger tanks provide better stability and reduce territorial disputes.
– Space: A larger tank allows the fish to establish territories, which is crucial for their behavior and overall well-being. -
Decorations and Substrate: Create a comfortable habitat.
– Rocks and Hiding Places: Use plenty of rocks, caves, and ledges to offer hiding spots. These features help reduce stress and prevent bullying among cichlids.
– Substrate: Sand substrate is preferable as it mimics their natural habitat. It allows cichlids to dig and sift through it, mimicking natural behavior. -
Diet: Ensure a balanced and varied diet.
– Food Types: Provide high-quality pellets formulated for cichlids, supplemented with spirulina flakes, and frozen or live foods like brine shrimp or bloodworms. A varied diet mimics their natural feeding habits.
– Feeding Frequency: Feed adult cichlids once or twice daily, offering small amounts they can consume in a few minutes. -
Filtration and Aeration: Maintain clean and oxygen-rich water.
– Filtration: Use a robust filtration system to handle the waste produced by these fish. A filter rated for at least twice the tank’s volume ensures effective removal of toxins.
– Aeration: Ensure adequate aeration since cichlids benefit from well-oxygenated water. Air stones or surface agitation can help increase oxygen levels.
By focusing on these key elements, you can create an environment that closely resembles the natural habitat of African cichlids, promoting their health and well-being.
What Substrate and Decorations Create the Best Habitat for African Cichlids?
The best habitat for African cichlids comprises specific substrates and decorations that mimic their natural environment.
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Types of Substrates:
– Fine gravel
– Sand
– Rock formations
– Crushed coral -
Types of Decorations:
– Caves and hiding spots
– Plant life (real or artificial)
– Driftwood
– Open swimming space
Creating an effective habitat for African cichlids requires careful consideration of both substrate and decorations. Both elements contribute to the overall health and wellbeing of these fish.
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Types of Substrates:
Types of substrates include fine gravel, sand, rock formations, and crushed coral. Fine gravel provides a comfortable surface for cichlids to dig and nest. Sand may offer a more natural feel, as it is often found in cichlids’ native environments. Rock formations create hiding places, which are essential for reducing stress among cichlids. Crushed coral helps maintain higher pH levels, accommodating the species’ natural habitat preferences and promoting their growth. -
Types of Decorations:
Types of decorations include caves and hiding spots, plant life, driftwood, and open swimming spaces. Caves and hiding spots provide essential shelter and reduce aggression in territorial species. Plant life, either real or artificial, adds beauty to the aquarium and serves as cover for shy species. Driftwood can simulate natural structures, promoting natural behaviors. Open swimming spaces encourage swimming and exploring, which are essential for their exercise and mental stimulation.
In conclusion, selecting the right substrate and decorations is pivotal in creating an ideal habitat for African cichlids. These elements strongly influence their health, behavior, and overall aquarium dynamics.
How Can You Maintain Optimal Conditions in Your African Cichlid Aquarium?
To maintain optimal conditions in your African cichlid aquarium, focus on water quality, temperature, pH level, tank size, and a balanced diet.
Water quality: Regular water changes are essential to remove pollutants. Aim for 20% to 30% water changes every two weeks. Use a high-quality filtration system, as cichlids produce a lot of waste. According to a study by Scherer et al. (2021), maintaining low levels of ammonia and nitrite is crucial for fish health.
Temperature: African cichlids thrive in warmer waters, ideally between 75°F and 80°F (24°C to 27°C). Use a reliable aquarium heater to maintain consistent temperatures. Sudden temperature fluctuations can stress the fish and lead to illness.
pH level: African cichlids prefer alkaline water, with a pH range between 7.8 and 8.6. Test the water regularly using a pH test kit. If adjustments are needed, consider using products designed for buffering pH. A study published in the Journal of Aquatic Animal Health highlights the importance of stable pH levels for minimizing disease susceptibility.
Tank size: A larger tank is advisable, as it offers more swimming space and dilutes waste. A minimum of 30 gallons is recommended for a small group of cichlids to prevent territorial conflicts. Cichlids can be aggressive if they feel crowded, which can lead to stress and health issues.
Balanced diet: Provide a varied diet rich in protein. High-quality pellets, flakes, frozen foods, and occasional vegetable matter are ideal. Feed two to three times a day in small amounts to prevent overfeeding, which can lead to water quality degradation. Research by Beck & Hanner (2019) emphasizes the importance of diet diversity in promoting fish health and vitality.
By carefully managing these factors, you can create a stable environment that supports the health and happiness of your African cichlids.
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