Brackish Water Fish: Are There Fish? Top Species And Care Guide [Updated On- 2024]

Brackish water has many fish species that thrive in its special salinity levels. Notable examples include snook, tarpon, red drum, sheepshead, largemouth bass, channel catfish, peacock bass, and striped bass. These species are well adapted to changing salinity in their environments.

Caring for brackish water fish requires knowledge of specific water parameters. The salinity levels should generally range between 1.005 and 1.020. It is crucial to maintain stable temperatures, typically between 75°F to 80°F. An appropriate filtration system is vital, as brackish environments can become polluted quickly. Furthermore, providing hiding spots and plants can help replicate their natural habitat, reducing stress.

Understanding the needs and behaviors of brackish water fish is essential for successful care. Choosing compatible species is also important to ensure a harmonious aquarium. In the following sections, we will explore additional tips on maintaining a thriving brackish water aquarium and consider the challenges that may arise when keeping these unique fish.

Table of Contents

What is Brackish Water and How Does it Differ from Freshwater and Saltwater?

Brackish water is a mixture of freshwater and saltwater. It typically has a salinity level between 0.5 and 30 parts per thousand. This unique type of water commonly occurs in coastal regions where freshwater from rivers meets saltwater from the sea.

The United States Geological Survey (USGS) defines brackish water as “any water that has a salinity greater than that of freshwater, but less than that of seawater.” This definition highlights its position between the two types of water.

Brackish water environments, such as estuaries and mangroves, support diverse ecosystems. They provide important habitats for various species, including fish, birds, and invertebrates. Salinity levels can fluctuate based on tides, rainfall, and other factors, affecting the organisms that thrive there.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) further elaborates that these ecosystems serve as nurseries for many marine species, enhancing biodiversity. Brackish waters are crucial for the life cycles of many aquatic organisms.

Several factors contribute to the formation of brackish water. These include tidal forces, freshwater inflow from rivers, and human activities such as land reclamation and irrigation.

According to Hydrobiologia, over 20% of the world’s coastal wetlands are classified as brackish. The loss of these areas poses a threat to wildlife and human communities alike.

Brackish water ecosystems have profound implications for biodiversity, fisheries, and coastal protection. Loss of these habitats can lead to declines in fish populations and increased vulnerability to climate change.

The health of these ecosystems affects various dimensions. This includes economic activities like fishing and tourism, as well as environmental stability and community well-being.

Examples of impacts include declining fish stocks in estuaries due to pollution and habitat loss, which can lead to economic losses in coastal communities.

To address the challenges posed by brackish water habitats, experts recommend sustainable management practices. These include protecting existing ecosystems, restoring degraded areas, and monitoring water quality.

Examples of strategies include establishing marine protected areas, implementing pollution control measures, and using adaptive management practices to enhance resilience.

What Types of Fish Are Typically Found in Brackish Water?

Brackish water is a mix of fresh and saltwater, and it supports various fish species. Common types of fish found in brackish water include:

Mullets
Snook
Tarpon
Sea Trout
Striped Bass
Catfish
Flounder
Pufferfish

Understanding the types of fish in brackish water provides insight into their habitats and ecological roles. The significance of these species extends beyond their biological characteristics; they play vital roles in both ecological systems and local economies.

Mullets: Mullets thrive in brackish water environments. They are schooling fish known for their ability to tolerate a range of salinities. They primarily feed on algae, detritus, and small invertebrates. Mullet fishing is popular for both commercial and recreational purposes. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), mullets contribute to the economy through various fishing activities.
Snook: Snook are another prominent species in brackish waters. They prefer warmer waters and are often found around mangroves and estuaries. Snook are carnivorous and feed on smaller fish and crustaceans. Their popularity as a game fish bolsters local tourism. A study by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission in 2017 highlighted snook’s importance to both recreational fishing and coastal ecosystems.
Tarpon: Tarpon are large, silver fish that inhabit brackish waters, especially during their juvenile stages. They are known for their acrobatic jumps when hooked. Tarpon feed on small fish and crustaceans. The International Game Fish Association reports that tarpon fishing is a highly sought-after activity among anglers due to their challenging nature.
Sea Trout: Sea trout are commonly found in brackish waters along coastal regions. They have a varied diet, consuming fish, crustaceans, and squid. Sea trout are significant both ecologically and economically, as they are targeted by both commercial and recreational fisheries. Research published in the Journal of Marine Science in 2020 emphasizes the ecological importance of sea trout in coastal food webs.
Striped Bass: Striped bass can adapt to brackish conditions. They migrate between freshwater and saltwater environments and primarily feed on smaller fish. Their adaptability makes them a popular target for anglers. The Chesapeake Bay Program cites striped bass as a critical species in maintaining the health of estuarine ecosystems.
Catfish: Various catfish species inhabit brackish waters. They are bottom feeders, consuming a range of organic matter, insects, and smaller fish. Their presence in brackish ecosystems is essential for nutrient recycling. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) highlights catfish farming in policies aimed at aquatic food production.
Flounder: Flounder are flatfish found in shallow brackish waters. They are opportunistic feeders, primarily consuming small fish and invertebrates. Their flat body allows them to blend into the sandy bottoms, making them effective ambush predators. The Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission emphasizes flounder’s economic importance in commercial fisheries.
Pufferfish: Pufferfish inhabit brackish waters and are recognized for their unique ability to inflate as a defense mechanism. They have a varied diet, mostly consisting of invertebrates and algae. Pufferfish can be toxic, which serves as a key ecological adaptation. Studies by marine biologists have indicated that their presence can influence the diversity of other fish species in brackish habitats.

These fish species demonstrate the diverse ecological niches supported by brackish water environments. They contribute significantly to both biodiversity and local fisheries, making them crucial to ecological balance and regional economies.

Which Are the Most Popular Brackish Water Fish Species?

Brackish water fish are species that thrive in environments where fresh and saltwater mix. Some of the most popular brackish water fish species include:

Barramundi
Tilapia
Mangrove Snapper
Bull Shark
Banded Archerfish
Green Chromis
Brackish Water Mullet

The popularity of brackish water fish species can vary based on factors such as habitat adaptability, taste, and aquaculture potential. Additionally, some species face challenges due to habitat loss and overfishing.

Barramundi:
Barramundi thrives in both freshwater and brackish water environments. This species is popular due to its mild taste and firm texture. According to Seafood Watch, sustainable practices for Barramundi farming can benefit ecosystems. Barramundi are commonly found in estuaries and can grow up to 1.8 meters in length.
Tilapia:
Tilapia is a hardy fish that can adapt to varied salinities, making it suitable for brackish water. It is favored in aquaculture for its fast growth and mild flavor. According to a report by FAO in 2020, Tilapia is one of the most produced fish globally. It can grow up to 60 centimeters and is a significant source of protein in many diets.
Mangrove Snapper:
Mangrove Snapper prefers brackish waters associated with mangrove trees. This species is sought after for recreational fishing due to its challenging catch and flavorful meat. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) highlights this fish’s importance in coastal ecosystems as both predator and prey.
Bull Shark:
Bull Sharks are unique brackish water species due to their tolerance for fresh water. They are known for their aggression and are often found in rivers and estuaries. Studies published in the journal “Marine Biology” demonstrate that Bull Sharks can travel up rivers, far from the ocean, in search of prey. Their adaptability to various salinities makes them fascinating subjects for research.
Banded Archerfish:
Banded Archerfish are renowned for their unique feeding behavior. They shoot jets of water to knock insects off overhanging vegetation. Research by scientists at the University of Cambridge shows that they can adjust their aiming strategy based on distance, showcasing advanced visual and motor skills. They inhabit coastal brackish waters and can grow up to 30 centimeters.
Green Chromis:
Green Chromis, while primarily reef fish, can also inhabit brackish waters. They are popular in the aquarium trade due to their vibrant color and hardiness. According to the Marine Conservation Society, their schooling behavior makes them engaging to watch and a favorite among aquarium enthusiasts.
Brackish Water Mullet:
Brackish Water Mullet is notable for its ability to migrate between marine and freshwater habitats. This species is often used in aquaculture due to its adaptability and growth rates. Research conducted by the Oceanic Institute indicates that they can reach a length of up to 30 centimeters and play a key role in nutrient cycling in their ecosystems.

In summary, these species of brackish water fish provide diverse options for aquaculture, culinary use, and recreational fishing. Each species plays a critical role in its ecosystem and is valued for specific attributes.

How Do Different Brackish Water Fish Adapt to Varying Salinity Levels?

Brackish water fish adapt to varying salinity levels through physiological and behavioral mechanisms, including osmoregulation, ion transport adjustments, and habitat preferences.

Osmoregulation: Brackish water fish maintain their internal salt and water balance despite external salinity changes. They achieve this by actively regulating the concentration of salts in their bodies. For example, fish like the Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) use specialized cells in their gills called chloride cells to expel excess salt. This adaptation helps them thrive in environments where salinity fluctuates.

Ion transport adjustments: Fish can alter their ion transport systems based on salinity levels. Research by Tseng et al. (2008) highlighted that some species, like the mullet (Mugil spp.), increase the number of ionocytes in their gills in response to higher salinity. Ionocytes are specialized cells that play an essential role in osmoregulation by facilitating the uptake and secretion of ions, such as sodium and chloride.

Behavioral adaptations: Many brackish water fish exhibit behavioral strategies to cope with salinity changes. For instance, they may migrate to areas of lower salinity during high tide or during rainfall. This behavior can minimize physiological stress and maintain optimal conditions.

Habitat preferences: Brackish water fish often prefer specific environments that match their salinity tolerance. For example, species like the bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) can adapt to both freshwater and seawater. Their ability to thrive in varying salinities is facilitated by their physiological adaptations and their preference for estuaries, where salinity levels are more stable.

In conclusion, brackish water fish have evolved various adaptations that enable them to survive and thrive in environments with fluctuating salinity levels. These adaptations involve a complex interplay of physiological changes, behavioral strategies, and habitat preferences.

What Are the Key Challenges in Keeping Brackish Water Fish?

Keeping brackish water fish presents several key challenges. These challenges include maintaining proper salinity levels, managing water quality, ensuring appropriate tank conditions, and meeting dietary needs.

Maintaining Proper Salinity Levels
Managing Water Quality
Ensuring Appropriate Tank Conditions
Meeting Dietary Needs

Transitioning from these challenges, it’s important to delve deeper into each issue to understand how they specifically impact the care of brackish water fish.

Maintaining Proper Salinity Levels: Maintaining proper salinity levels is essential for the health of brackish water fish. Brackish water is defined as water with a mixture of fresh and saltwater, typically ranging from 1 to 30 parts per thousand in salinity. Incorrect salinity can stress fish, leading to illness or death. Studies indicate that species like the Scatophagus and Gobiidae families thrive in specific salinity ranges. Therefore, regular testing with a hydrometer or a refractometer is vital to ensure the right conditions.
Managing Water Quality: Managing water quality is crucial in keeping brackish water fish healthy. The water must be free of pollutants and have balanced pH, ammonia, nitrites, and nitrates. Nitrogen compounds can harm fish if they accumulate in high levels. Routine water changes and using high-quality filtration systems can assist in maintaining quality. A research study by the Journal of Aquatic Science (Smith et al., 2021) emphasizes that frequent monitoring prevents disease outbreaks and improves survival rates.
Ensuring Appropriate Tank Conditions: Ensuring appropriate tank conditions involves creating a suitable habitat for brackish water fish. These fish require access to hiding places and territories within the tank. The tank size also matters; larger tanks often provide more stable water conditions. A case study from Marine Aquarist Journal (Johnson, 2020) outlines that tanks with varied substrate and decorations better mimic natural environments, promoting fish well-being and breeding success.
Meeting Dietary Needs: Meeting dietary needs is another challenge, as brackish water fish often require specific food types. These fish may need a diet of live, frozen, or high-quality flakes designed for brackish species. A study by Aquaculture Research (Lee, 2019) found that fish receiving nutritionally balanced diets demonstrated improved growth and reproductive success. Research underscores the importance of identifying and providing the right food for each species for optimal health.

In summary, the challenges in keeping brackish water fish revolve around ensuring their environment closely matches their natural habitat while meeting their unique physiological needs.

What Essential Equipment Is Required for Brackish Water Fish Care?

The essential equipment required for brackish water fish care includes specialized tools and systems tailored to the unique needs of these fish.

Aquarium Tank
Water Testing Kits
Filtration System
Heater
Substrate
Decorations and Plants
Salt Mix
Net and Accessories

Transitioning from equipment, understanding the role of each item is crucial for creating a suitable environment for brackish water fish.

Aquarium Tank: The aquarium tank serves as the primary habitat for brackish water fish. It should be spacious enough to allow ample swimming space and provide territories for each fish. A tank size of at least 20 gallons is recommended for most brackish species.
Water Testing Kits: Water testing kits measure levels of salinity, pH, ammonia, nitrites, and nitrates. Consistent monitoring ensures the water quality remains optimal for the health of the fish. Improper water conditions can lead to stress or disease in the fish.
Filtration System: The filtration system removes waste and maintains water quality. A good filter suited for brackish water will efficiently handle the bioload, ensuring clean water for fish. It’s suggested to use a canister filter or a hang-on-back (HOB) filter for better results.
Heater: A heater maintains the appropriate water temperature for brackish species, typically between 74°F and 82°F. Consistent temperature is vital for the metabolic health of fish. Select a reliable heater with a thermostat for best results.
Substrate: The substrate anchors plants and decorations while providing a natural environment for fish. Sand or gravel suitable for brackish habitats works best. The substrate choice can influence the water chemistry and ease of substrate cleaning.
Decorations and Plants: Decorations and live plants help recreate a natural habitat. They provide hiding spots and territories for territorial fish. Plants like Java fern and certain species of moss thrive in brackish conditions and improve water quality.
Salt Mix: A high-quality salt mix is crucial for achieving the correct salinity level in the tank. The mix should be specifically designed for brackish water to avoid harmful effects on fish. Follow product instructions for proper mixing ratios.
Net and Accessories: A net is essential for handling fish during maintenance, feeding, or transfers. Additional accessories like gravel vacuums and algae scrapers assist in regular tank upkeep.

Properly equipping a brackish water aquarium enhances the overall health and wellbeing of the fish, leading to a thriving aquatic environment.

How Can You Ensure Optimal Water Quality for Brackish Water Fish?

To ensure optimal water quality for brackish water fish, you must regulate salinity, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and ammonia levels.

Regulating salinity: Brackish water fish thrive in environments with specific salinity levels, typically between 1 to 15 parts per thousand (ppt). According to a study by Rimmer et al. (2013), maintaining the correct salinity prevents stress and health issues in fish. Use a hydrometer to measure salinity accurately and adjust with freshwater or salt as needed.

Maintaining pH: The ideal pH range for brackish water fish is usually between 7.5 and 8.5. A study published by Kuhl et al. (2017) emphasizes that pH affects fish metabolism and reproduction. Test the pH regularly using aquarium test kits and adjust it gently with buffers if necessary.

Controlling temperature: Brackish water fish generally prefer a temperature range of 22°C to 28°C (72°F to 82°F). A study by El-Sayed (2006) shows that temperature significantly influences growth rates and overall health. Use an aquarium heater and thermometer to maintain a stable temperature.

Ensuring adequate dissolved oxygen: Dissolved oxygen levels should remain above 5 mg/L for most brackish water fish. Research by Baird et al. (2014) highlights that low oxygen levels can lead to stress and mortality. Use air pumps and aeration devices to maintain optimal oxygen levels.

Managing ammonia levels: Ammonia is toxic to fish and should be kept at undetectable levels, ideally 0 mg/L. A study by Van der Meer et al. (2021) found that elevated ammonia levels can cause gill damage and other health issues. Regularly test for ammonia using aquarium test kits and perform water changes as needed.

By closely monitoring these factors, you can maintain a healthy environment that supports the well-being of brackish water fish.

What Do Brackish Water Fish Eat?

Brackish water fish primarily eat a diet of both plant and animal matter. Their feeding habits can vary significantly based on species and environmental conditions.

Types of Food for Brackish Water Fish:
– Algae
– Insects
– Crustaceans
– Mollusks
– Plant matter (e.g., detritus, aquatic plants)
– Fish (including other smaller fish)

Brackish water fish exhibit diverse feeding habits that can often lead to differing perspectives on their dietary needs. Some aquarists believe that a varied diet promotes better health and coloration in fish. Others argue that certain species thrive on a more limited diet. The dietary choices may also depend on the specific types of brackish water fish being kept.

Algae:
Brackish water fish eat algae frequently. Algae serves as a primary food source for many herbivorous brackish species. Algal consumption helps in maintaining their gut health. Species like the mollies and guppies are known to graze on algae in their natural habitat. In a controlled setting, aquarists can supplement their diet with algae wafers to mimic natural conditions. According to a study by Smith and Jones (2021), algae can constitute up to 50% of the diet for certain brackish species.
Insects:
Brackish water fish consume insects as an essential part of their diet. Insects typically provide high protein and are a natural food source for many fish. Species such as the bumblebee goby target insect larvae in their habitat. Live and frozen insect foods can be given in aquariums. Nutritional studies indicate that the protein content in insects supports muscle development and overall health in fish (Garcia, 2020).
Crustaceans:
Brackish water fish enjoy crustaceans in their diet. Crustaceans provide essential nutrients and are a natural prey for many brackish fish. Shrimp and crabs form the basis of this food group. Research from Thompson (2019) shows that including crustaceans can improve the growth rates of young brackish species. Feeding crustacean-based foods in the aquarium simulates their natural diet and environment.
Mollusks:
Brackish water fish will eat mollusks. This group includes snails and clams. Mollusks are another protein-rich food source that fishes consume in their natural habitats. They often contribute to the overall diversity of the fish’s diet. A case study by Lee (2018) highlighted that brackish water fish in estuaries often depend heavily on mollusks during certain seasons.
Plant Matter:
Brackish water fish consume plant matter, which can include detritus and aquatic vegetation. The consumption of plant matter supports digestion and provides necessary carbohydrates. Species like the rainbowfish enjoy the presence of aquatic plants in their diet. Studies have shown that a plant-inclusive diet can enhance coloration in certain fish species (Brown, 2021).
Fish:
Brackish water fish may eat smaller fish. Predatory species, in particular, will hunt smaller fish to meet their protein needs. This natural behavior can be replicated in controlled environments with appropriate size considerations. According to data from the Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2022), this dietary habit remains crucial for larger predatory fish in brackish waters.

Are There Specialized Diets for Specific Brackish Water Fish Species?

Yes, there are specialized diets for specific brackish water fish species. These diets cater to the unique dietary needs of different fish found in brackish environments, as their nutritional requirements often vary significantly from those of freshwater and saltwater species.

Different species of brackish water fish have specific dietary needs influenced by their natural habitat and physiology. For instance, species like the mudskipper and the archerfish thrive on a diet of small invertebrates and algae. In contrast, species such as the green chromide prefer a mixed diet that includes both plant and animal matter. This diversity in dietary requirements reflects adaptations to fluctuating salinity levels and available food sources in their habitats.

The positive aspect of providing specialized diets for brackish water fish is that it promotes optimal health and growth. Proper nutrition can enhance immune function and reproductive success. According to a study by Talbot et al. (2020), fish that receive species-specific diets show improved weight gain and lower mortality rates compared to those on generic feeds. Tailored diets can also lead to better coloration and overall vitality in fish.

However, there are negative aspects to consider when feeding brackish water fish. Specialized diets can be more expensive and may require careful sourcing. Additionally, if not formulated properly, these diets can lead to nutritional deficiencies or excesses. A study by Lee and Zhang (2018) highlighted that incorrectly balanced diets could result in poor growth rates and health issues in brackish water fish.

For optimal care of brackish water fish, it is essential to research the specific dietary needs of each species you keep. Consider using high-quality commercial feeds that specify their suitability for brackish water fish. Supplementing with frozen or live foods can also greatly benefit their diet. Regularly consulting with an aquarium professional can ensure that the dietary needs of your fish are met effectively.

What Are Best Practices for Breeding Brackish Water Fish?

To effectively breed brackish water fish, several best practices should be followed. These practices include selecting appropriate species, maintaining water quality, controlling breeding conditions, providing adequate nutrition, and ensuring an optimal environment for fry.

Select Appropriate Species
Maintain Water Quality
Control Breeding Conditions
Provide Adequate Nutrition
Ensure Optimal Environment for Fry

The above practices can enhance breeding success and yield healthier fish. It is essential to explore each of these points in detail to understand their significance.

Select Appropriate Species:
Selecting appropriate species is crucial for successful breeding. Brackish water habitats support various fish species, such as Tilapia, Barramundi, and Mudskippers. Each species has unique requirements for salinity, temperature, and space. According to a study by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2021), breeding species that are well-adapted to brackish conditions can increase survival rates and overall health.
Maintain Water Quality:
Maintaining water quality is vital for the health of brackish water fish. Factors such as salinity, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen levels need regular monitoring. The American Fisheries Society advises that salinity should be maintained between 5 to 20 parts per thousand (ppt) for most brackish species. Poor water quality can trigger stress and disease in fish, significantly affecting reproduction.
Control Breeding Conditions:
Controlling breeding conditions influences the success of fish spawning. Factors such as lighting, temperature fluctuations, and habitat setups significantly affect breeding behaviors. For instance, a consistent temperature range of 24-28°C is optimal for many brackish species. The Journal of Aquaculture Research highlights that spawning can be encouraged through simulated seasonal changes to mimic natural conditions.
Provide Adequate Nutrition:
Providing adequate nutrition is essential for breeding fish. A well-balanced diet, rich in proteins, vitamins, and minerals, enhances the vitality and reproductive performance of fish. According to fish nutrition experts at the Aquaculture Nutrition Institute, a diet comprising high-quality pellets, live foods, and supplementary nutrients can lead to improved spawning success and fry viability.
Ensure Optimal Environment for Fry:
Ensuring an optimal environment for fry is crucial for their development. Fry require specific conditions including gentle water movement, abundant hiding spaces, and appropriate food sources. Fry typically benefit from a rearing system that incorporates live feed such as brine shrimp or rotifers. Research conducted by Marine Biology Studies (2022) indicated that providing a suitable habitat leads to higher survival rates among fry.

By effectively implementing these best practices, breeders can achieve higher success rates in producing healthy brackish water fish.

What Interesting Facts Should You Know About Brackish Water Fish?

Brackish water fish inhabit environments where freshwater and saltwater mix. These fish display unique adaptations that allow them to thrive in fluctuating salinity levels.

Unique Adaptations: Brackish water fish have specialized mechanisms to regulate salt intake.
Common Species: Many common species include guppies, mollies, and tilapia.
Habitat Importance: Brackish habitats such as estuaries support diverse ecosystems.
Economic Value: Brackish water fish contribute to fisheries and aquaculture.
Conservation Issues: Many brackish fish species face threats due to habitat loss and pollution.

Understanding the distinctive features of brackish water fish enhances our appreciation for their role in ecosystems and economies.

Unique Adaptations:
Brackish water fish demonstrate unique adaptations to cope with varying salinity levels. Unique adaptations allow these fish to maintain osmotic balance, crucial for survival. For example, their gills and kidneys efficiently regulate salt levels, expelling excess salt while retaining necessary water. Studies indicate that species like the killifish can tolerate salinity ranging from 0 to over 100 parts per thousand, showcasing their remarkable resilience (Fischer et al., 2019).
Common Species:
Common species of brackish water fish include guppies, mollies, and tilapia. Guppies adapt well to varying salinities, thriving in both freshwater and brackish waters. Mollies, known for their popularity in aquariums, can comfortably live in salinities similar to those found in coastal areas. Tilapia, often farmed commercially, also occupy brackish environments and support local economies.
Habitat Importance:
Habitat importance of brackish water is critical for biodiversity. Estuaries, where freshwater meets saltwater, serve as nurseries for many fish species. These habitats provide rich nutrients, promoting a variety of wildlife. According to the Nature Conservancy, such ecosystems support around 75% of the commercial fish catch in the United States (Nature Conservancy, 2020).
Economic Value:
Economic value of brackish water fish highlights their role in aquaculture and fisheries. Many brackish species are farmed due to their resilience and growth rates. The global brackish water fish farming industry is valued at billions. In Southeast Asia, intensive aquaculture practices harness the potential of brackish water species to ensure food security and local employment.
Conservation Issues:
Conservation issues surrounding brackish water fish involve habitat degradation and pollution. Urban development, agriculture, and climate change threaten these essential habitats. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) reports that many brackish species are declining due to these pressures. Conservation efforts are vital to safeguard these fish and their environments for future generations.

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