Lake Erie supports over 107 fish species, including walleye, yellow perch, trout, bass, and salmon. As the warmest and shallowest of the Great Lakes, it offers an excellent fishing environment. Anglers catch about 1.5 million fish each year. The prime fishing season for walleye runs from late spring to early fall.
Yellow perch is another sought-after species in Lake Erie. These fish are abundant and plentiful throughout the summer months. They are known for their delicate flavor and are a favorite among family fishers. Smallmouth bass, often found in rocky areas, are best targeted from late spring to early fall.
Tips for successful Lake Erie fishing include using appropriate bait, understanding local regulations, and choosing the right fishing spot. Anglers should also pay attention to weather conditions, as they can significantly impact fish behavior.
In summary, Lake Erie fishing is rich with opportunities and varied species. With the right knowledge and preparation, anglers can enjoy a rewarding fishing season. Next, we will explore specific fishing techniques for each species and discuss the best gear to enhance your fishing experience.
Are There Fish in Lake Erie?
Yes, there are fish in Lake Erie. The lake is home to a diverse range of fish species, making it a popular destination for anglers and fishing enthusiasts. Notable species include walleye, perch, bass, and trout, contributing to the lake’s reputation as a rich fishing ground.
Lake Erie hosts both native and non-native fish species. Native fish include walleye and yellow perch, known for their popularity among local fishermen. Non-native species, such as the invasive zebra mussel, impact the ecosystem, but they also contribute to the food chain by increasing water clarity, which can benefit certain fish populations. Both native and non-native fish provide varying experiences for anglers, from the thrill of catching large walleye to the challenge of targeting bass.
The fishing opportunities in Lake Erie offer several benefits. According to the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, the lake produces over 1.5 million pounds of walleye annually. This robust population supports recreational fishing, tourism, and local economies. Additionally, the lake’s diverse ecosystem provides habitats for numerous fish species, enhancing biodiversity and attracting nature enthusiasts.
However, there are challenges associated with fishing in Lake Erie. Overfishing and pollution have raised concerns about certain fish populations. For example, high levels of phosphorus from agricultural runoff can lead to harmful algal blooms, which impact fish habitats. A study by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (2020) reported declining fish populations due to these environmental pressures, indicating the need for conservation efforts.
To maximize your fishing experience in Lake Erie, consider these recommendations: Target specific species during their peak seasons. Walleye are best caught in spring and fall, while yellow perch fishing thrives in summer. Use appropriate tackle and bait tailored to the species you are pursuing. Additionally, stay informed about local fishing regulations and environmental conditions to make responsible fishing choices.
What Fish Species Are Commonly Found in Lake Erie?
Lake Erie commonly hosts a variety of fish species. The most frequently caught include perch, walleye, bass, and catfish.
- Walleye
- Yellow Perch
- Smallmouth Bass
- Largemouth Bass
- Channel Catfish
- Lake Trout
- Brown Trout
- Steelhead Trout
These fish species offer diverse appeals to anglers. Different fish provide unique experiences, making Lake Erie a popular fishing destination.
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Walleye:
Walleye are one of the most sought-after fish in Lake Erie. They thrive in the lake’s diverse habitats, primarily in deeper waters during the day and near shorelines at night. According to the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, the walleye population in Lake Erie is robust, with annual catches often exceeding 1 million pounds. -
Yellow Perch:
Yellow perch are abundant in Lake Erie and are known for their mild flavor. They often gather in schools, making them easier to catch. The Ohio Division of Wildlife reports that yellow perch fishing is particularly popular during the summer months, attracting many recreational anglers. -
Smallmouth Bass:
Smallmouth bass inhabit rocky and weedy areas of the lake. They are known for their fighting spirit, making them enjoyable for anglers. Research by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission indicates that Lake Erie has one of the largest populations of smallmouth bass in the Great Lakes region. -
Largemouth Bass:
Largemouth bass are found in shallow, vegetated areas of the lake. They prefer warmer waters and are often targeted in spring and early summer. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources highlights that both smallmouth and largemouth bass are key components of the Lake Erie fishery. -
Channel Catfish:
Channel catfish thrive in the warm, shallow waters of Lake Erie. They are known for their adaptive feeding habits. The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission estimates a healthy population of channel catfish, which provides year-round fishing opportunities. -
Lake Trout:
Lake trout are typically found in deeper, colder waters. They are less abundant than other species but can be caught, especially in winter. According to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the resurgence of lake trout in Lake Erie is a success story of fisheries management. -
Brown Trout:
Brown trout are also present in Lake Erie. They are known for their elusive nature and can be caught both in open water and along shorelines. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation reports that brown trout populations have been steadily increasing due to improved water quality. -
Steelhead Trout:
Steelhead trout are migratory fish that move between the lake and rivers. They provide exciting fishing opportunities, particularly in the spring and fall. A study published by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission found that steelhead populations in Lake Erie have benefited from recent conservation efforts.
What Are the Most Popular Fish Species You Can Catch in Lake Erie?
The most popular fish species you can catch in Lake Erie include various types that appeal to sport and recreational anglers.
- Walleye
- Yellow Perch
- Smallmouth Bass
- Largemouth Bass
- Muskellunge
- Rainbow Trout
- Steelhead Trout
Anglers often seek these fish for their flavor and sport. They present different challenges and rewards depending on the fishing techniques used. The range of species enhances the fishing experience, with some anglers preferring sport fishing while others focus on catching dinner. This variety represents differing attributes of fish populations and angler preferences in Lake Erie.
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Walleye:
Walleye fishing is popular in Lake Erie, often regarded as the main attraction. Walleye are known for their excellent taste and challenging fight. They can grow up to 30 inches and weigh over 10 pounds. According to the Ohio Division of Wildlife, walleye populations have been stable, making it a top target for anglers. Reports suggest that the best time to catch walleye is during the spring and fall months when they are more active. -
Yellow Perch:
Yellow perch are abundant in Lake Erie. They are a smaller fish, typically reaching about 10-12 inches. Many anglers enjoy fishing for yellow perch due to their mild flavor and ease of catch. The Ohio Division of Wildlife estimates that fishing regulations allow anglers to keep up to 30 perch per day. Ideal seasons for perch fishing are late summer and early fall, especially near rocky structures. -
Smallmouth Bass:
Smallmouth bass are prevalent in the lake and prized for their fighting ability. They average 12 to 20 inches in length. Lake Erie has won accolades for its smallmouth bass fishing opportunities, especially in the Western Basin. The best time for targeting smallmouth bass is from late spring through early fall. Professional tournaments often showcase this species, emphasizing its popularity among serious anglers. -
Largemouth Bass:
Largemouth bass are also found in Lake Erie, particularly in its bays and shallow areas. They thrive in warmer waters and can grow quite large, with some exceeding 20 inches. Fishing for largemouth bass is often more popular in summer. They are known for their aggressive strikes and can be caught using various techniques, including topwater lures and jigs. -
Muskellunge:
Muskellunge, or “muskie,” is a sought-after species for anglers looking for a trophy catch. Lake Erie has a population of muskie, although they are less commonly targeted than walleye and bass. They can grow over 50 inches long. Anglers often use specialized lures and baits to attract muskies, making fishing for this species a unique challenge. The best times to fish for muskellunge are late summer and early fall. -
Rainbow Trout:
Rainbow trout are another popular species, particularly in the tributaries feeding Lake Erie. They are known for their vibrant colors and streamlined bodies. They can reach lengths of 20 inches or more. Fishing is particularly good in early spring and late fall, when they migrate. Many anglers appreciate their fighting spirit and delicious taste. -
Steelhead Trout:
Steelhead trout are a migratory fish that move between the lake and river systems. They can be found in Lake Erie and its tributaries, growing to sizes of 30 inches or more. Fishing for steelhead typically peaks in fall and spring during their spawning runs. Anglers utilize various techniques, including fly fishing and trolling, to target these dynamic fish.
In summary, Lake Erie provides diverse fishing opportunities across several popular species. Each type has distinct characteristics that attract different angler preferences and techniques. Engaging with this variety enhances the overall fishing experience on Lake Erie.
Are There Any Rare or Endangered Fish Species in Lake Erie?
Yes, there are rare and endangered fish species in Lake Erie. The lake is home to several fish that face threats due to habitat loss, pollution, and invasive species. Conservation efforts aim to protect these vulnerable populations.
Among the rare or endangered fish species in Lake Erie are the lake sturgeon and the smallmouth bass. While lake sturgeon are significant due to their historic abundance and slow reproductive rates, smallmouth bass are more common yet face similar environmental challenges. Both rely on clean, well-oxygenated waters and suitable spawning habitats, but lake sturgeon require more specific conditions for their reproduction compared to smallmouth bass.
The positive aspects of conserving these fish species include maintaining biodiversity and supporting local ecosystems. Healthy fish populations contribute to a balanced aquatic environment. According to the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, restoring lake sturgeon populations benefits the overall ecological health of Lake Erie. A diverse fish community also supports tourism and fishing activities, which are vital to local economies.
On the negative side, invasive species such as the zebra mussel and the round goby threaten native fish populations. These invaders can alter habitats and outcompete native species for food and resources. Research by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (2021) indicates that invasive species have significantly impacted fish reproduction and survival rates in Lake Erie. This situation poses challenges to ongoing conservation efforts.
To help protect rare and endangered fish species in Lake Erie, it is essential to support habitat restoration projects and advocacy programs. Individuals can participate in cleanup efforts and report pollution or invasive species sightings. Additionally, responsible fishing practices, such as catch and release, can help sustain fish populations. Collaborating with local conservation groups can amplify these efforts and promote awareness of the ecological importance of preserving Lake Erie’s unique fish species.
What Are the Best Fishing Seasons for Lake Erie?
The best fishing seasons for Lake Erie vary by target species but generally span spring to early fall. Each season offers unique opportunities for anglers.
- Spring (April to June)
- Summer (June to August)
- Fall (September to November)
- Winter (December to March)
The importance of seasonal changes can differ based on fish species and angler preferences. While spring is favored for walleye, summer is popular for bass. Winter fishing offers solitude but may limit fish availability.
1. Spring (April to June):
Spring fishing on Lake Erie is known for excellent walleye activity. As the water warms, walleye move into shallow waters to spawn. Anglers often use jigs and trolling techniques during this period. The water temperature rises from around 40°F in April to about 60°F in June, making it prime time for fishing. According to the Ohio Division of Wildlife, spring catch rates for walleye can be as high as 10 fish per angler per trip.
2. Summer (June to August):
Summer fishing on Lake Erie is ideal for smallmouth bass and perch. Fish tend to be deeper due to warmer water temperatures, often exceeding 70°F. Anglers typically use drop-shot rigs for bass and bottom rigs for perch. Popular areas include the Bass Islands and deeper structured waters. Research from the Great Lakes Fishery Commission indicates that smallmouth bass populations peak during summer, drawing anglers to their robust catch rates.
3. Fall (September to November):
Fall fishing on Lake Erie offers productive walleye and perch fishing. Fish begin to gather for winter, resulting in aggressive feeding behavior. Anglers will often use techniques like trolling or casting along rocky structures. Water temperatures cool from around 60°F in September to about 50°F in November. As noted in a 2021 study by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, fall can yield some of the highest walleye weights of the season, benefiting experienced and novice anglers alike.
4. Winter (December to March):
Winter fishing on Lake Erie entails ice fishing opportunities for species such as perch and walleye. Ice thickness can vary, and safety precautions are vital. The winter season generally sees fewer anglers, providing a tranquil experience. Anglers commonly use tip-ups and jigging techniques. Studies indicate that successful ice fishing primarily occurs when ice thickness exceeds 6 inches, typically achievable in late January. However, the availability of fish can greatly vary based on the health of the ecosystem, making it a more unpredictable fishing season.
Which Fish Are Most Active During the Spring in Lake Erie?
The fish that are most active during spring in Lake Erie include species such as walleye, yellow perch, trout, and smallmouth bass.
- Walleye
- Yellow Perch
- Trout (including Lake and Brown Trout)
- Smallmouth Bass
The diversity of these species in spring reflects various habitat preferences and spawning behaviors.
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Walleye: Walleye are one of the most sought-after species in Lake Erie during spring. Walleye typically spawn in shallow waters from late March to early April. They are aggressive feeders in the spring, making them ideal targets for anglers. According to the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, walleye catch rates tend to peak as water temperatures rise to around 50°F. Anglers often use jigs and live bait to attract walleye during this period.
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Yellow Perch: Yellow perch are also highly active in spring. They spawn from mid-March to early May along grassy areas and reefs. This fish prefers shallow waters and is known for its sweet, flaky meat, making it popular among recreational fishermen. Research from the Great Lakes Fisheries Commission indicates that a good catch of yellow perch is common in April, drawing many anglers to the area.
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Trout (including Lake and Brown Trout): Trout become active in spring as water temperatures fluctuate. Lake and Brown Trout thrive in colder waters and can be found near deeper areas or in tributaries during their spawning season. A report by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service highlights that spring is the best time for trout fishing, as they are more likely to bite on lures and bait. Anglers often seek them out in the cooler, clearer waters of the lake.
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Smallmouth Bass: Smallmouth bass begin their spawning period in late April to early May in Lake Erie. They tend to move into rocky or sandy areas during this time, making them more accessible to fishermen. According to the Lake Erie Angler magazine, this species is known for its fighting ability and is particularly active during warm spring days. Anglers often use topwater lures to entice them during the early morning hours.
Fishing in Lake Erie during the spring offers diverse opportunities due to the activity of these four fish species. Each species presents unique characteristics and conditions that enhance the fishing experience.
How Does Summer Influence Fishing Opportunities in Lake Erie?
Summer influences fishing opportunities in Lake Erie by altering water temperature, fish behavior, and food availability. As temperatures rise, the water warms, typically ranging from 65 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit. This temperature increase activates fish metabolism. Consequently, many fish species, including walleye, perch, and bass, become more active and feeding behavior intensifies.
In summer, fish often move to deeper water to find cooler temperatures. Anglers should adjust their fishing locations accordingly, targeting deeper areas during hot days. The presence of vegetation and submerged structures becomes more critical too, as these areas provide shade and shelter for fish.
Food availability also increases in summer due to the growth of plankton, insects, and smaller fish. This surge attracts larger predator fish, increasing their visibility in the water. Anglers can take advantage of this by using bait that mimics these smaller fish.
Overall, summer enhances fishing opportunities in Lake Erie by promoting fish activity, changing their habitats, and increasing food sources, thereby improving catch rates for anglers.
What Fish Can Be Caught in Fall and Winter at Lake Erie?
Lake Erie offers a variety of fish that can be caught during the fall and winter months. Some of the most popular species include walleye, perch, and steelhead trout.
- Main fish species:
– Walleye
– Yellow Perch
– Steelhead Trout
– Smallmouth Bass
– Largemouth Bass
– Lake Trout
The diversity of fish species in Lake Erie during these seasons attracts many anglers. Each fish has its own seasonal behavior, feeding patterns, and preferred bait, making it essential to understand these characteristics.
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Walleye:
Walleye are one of the most sought-after fish in Lake Erie during fall and winter. They exhibit a feeding frenzy in the fall, preparing for winter, making them easier to catch. Anglers often use jigs or live bait to lure them. The Ohio Division of Wildlife reports that walleye populations remain stable, providing good fishing opportunities during these months. -
Yellow Perch:
Yellow perch are abundant and popular for their delicious taste. They tend to school, making them easier to locate. Ice fishing is particularly common for perch in the winter. Using small jigs tipped with minnows or grubs increases the chances of a successful catch. According to the International Game Fish Association (IGFA), yellow perch are known for their prolific spawning, contributing to their availability throughout the year. -
Steelhead Trout:
Steelhead trout provide exciting challenges for anglers due to their acrobatic fighting style. They migrate to tributaries from Lake Erie during fall to spawn and are often caught in river systems. Techniques include drift fishing with spawn bags or using synthetic flies. A study by Kevin J. Frimpong in 2017 highlighted the importance of managing steelhead populations for sustainability, indicating that active conservation measures are necessary for their continued presence. -
Smallmouth Bass:
Smallmouth bass are also catchable during the fall, often found in deeper waters as temperatures drop. They become less active in winter, making them harder to catch. Anglers may use finesse techniques like drop-shotting or using soft plastics to entice bites. Research from Ohio State University suggests that fishing for smallmouth can be rewarding, especially during the transitional fall period. -
Largemouth Bass:
Largemouth bass are primarily fished in the warmer months but can still be targeted in the fall. They retreat to deeper water as temperatures decrease. Anglers may have success using crankbaits or soft plastics during this time. A 2019 survey from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service indicated that largemouth bass populations remain strong in Lake Erie, showing resilience despite seasonal changes. -
Lake Trout:
Lake trout are typically sought after in the colder months. They live in deeper, cooler waters and are targeted through ice fishing. Anglers often use spoons or trolling lures during ice cover periods. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, proper habitat management practices are needed to maintain lake trout populations, which are vital for the overall ecosystem health.
Lake Erie indeed hosts a range of fish species during the fall and winter, each with unique characteristics, behaviors, and fishing techniques. Understanding these aspects enhances the fishing experience and promotes sustainable practices.
What Fishing Techniques Are Most Effective for Lake Erie?
The most effective fishing techniques for Lake Erie include various methods tailored to the lake’s unique environment.
- Trolling
- Drift Fishing
- Casting
- Jigging
- Ice Fishing
Different fishing techniques can yield different results. Some anglers prefer trolling for its efficiency, while others find casting to be more engaging. Drift fishing is optimal for certain species, and jigging can be particularly successful during cold months or in deeper waters. However, opinions may vary on what constitutes the “best” technique, as factors like weather, fish species, and personal preferences can influence success.
1. Trolling:
Trolling refers to dragging bait or lures behind a moving boat. This technique works effectively in Lake Erie’s expansive waters. Anglers often use this method to target species such as walleye and perch. According to the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (2021), trolling can cover large areas quickly, increasing the chances of encountering schools of fish. Fishermen typically use deep-diving crankbaits or crankbaits that float. Studies show that peak trolling times often occur during dawn and dusk.
2. Drift Fishing:
Drift fishing involves letting the wind or current carry the boat while anglers cast lines. This technique works well for targeting fish that are scattered in open water or near structures. Lake Erie’s varied depth and bottom structure provide ideal conditions for drift fishing, especially for species like smallmouth bass. In a 2022 report by Lake Erie Fisheries Program, this method yielded a significant catch rate during specific seasons, particularly in late spring.
3. Casting:
Casting involves manually throwing a baited line into the water. Many anglers prefer casting for its interactive nature. Techniques like flipping and pitching can be especially effective for catching bass in shallow waters. According to Fishing World (2023), local anglers see casting as a way to build skill and increase engagement with the fishing experience. This technique is particularly favored among those fishing along shorelines or shallow reefs.
4. Jigging:
Jigging is a vertical fishing technique that involves repeatedly raising and lowering a lure in the water. It can be very effective in deeper water conditions where fish may not be as active. According to research conducted by the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, jigging is particularly successful during winter months when fish are more lethargic. Certain jigs imitate prey species like minnows, making them enticing to perch and walleye.
5. Ice Fishing:
Ice fishing is the practice of fishing through a hole cut in the ice. Given Lake Erie’s size, it attracts many ice fishers during the winter months. Ice fishing requires specialized equipment, including ice augers and insulated shelters. According to the Ohio Division of Wildlife (2022), it often targets species like perch and pike. Fishing during this time can offer a unique and tranquil experience, despite sometimes extreme weather. Caution is essential due to ice conditions, which can vary throughout the winter.
What Equipment Do You Need for Successful Fishing in Lake Erie?
To fish successfully in Lake Erie, you need specific equipment tailored to its unique conditions.
1. Fishing Rod and Reel
2. Fishing Line
3. Hooks and Terminal Tackle
4. Lures and Bait
5. Fishing Tackle Box
6. Personal Flotation Device (PFD)
7. Nets and Coastal Equipment
8. Depth Finder or Fish Finder
These points provide a fundamental overview of essential fishing equipment. Transitioning from basic gear, it’s important to understand each type’s purpose and benefits.
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Fishing Rod and Reel:
A fishing rod and reel is essential for casting lines and retrieving fish. A medium to heavy-action rod is ideal for Lake Erie due to the size of its fish species, such as walleye and perch. Quality reels, either spinning or baitcasting, can enhance catch efficiency. -
Fishing Line:
Fishing line connects your rod to the lure or bait. A braided line is often preferred for its strength and sensitivity. A line strength of 10-20 pounds is suitable for many fish species in Lake Erie. -
Hooks and Terminal Tackle:
Hooks are critical for catching fish. Use the appropriate hook size based on targeted species. Terminal tackle includes weights and swivels, which help present bait effectively. -
Lures and Bait:
Lures mimic prey and attract fish. Jigs, crankbaits, and soft plastics are common choices. Live bait like minnows or worms can be more effective during certain seasons, as fish have preferences influenced by temperature and feeding habits. -
Fishing Tackle Box:
A tackle box organizes your gear. It should include compartments for lures, hooks, lines, and other accessories. An organized box saves time and improves the fishing experience. -
Personal Flotation Device (PFD):
Safety is paramount when fishing. A PFD helps keep you afloat in case of an accident. Regulations often require PFDs on boats, ensuring safety while enjoying Lake Erie. -
Nets and Coastal Equipment:
Nets facilitate landing fish without injury. For shoreline or boat fishing, having appropriate nets ensures a successful catch. Additional equipment like anchors, coolers, and seat cushions can enhance your fishing experience. -
Depth Finder or Fish Finder:
A depthfinder or fish finder uses sonar to locate fish and determine water depth. This technology enhances efficiency, especially in deeper parts of Lake Erie, where fish may reside at varying depths.
Investing in these items helps you enjoy a successful fishing trip on Lake Erie. Taking care to choose quality gear that suits your fishing style can significantly enhance both your safety and your catch.
How Can You Improve Your Fishing Experience in Lake Erie?
To improve your fishing experience in Lake Erie, focus on understanding local fish species, selecting proper fishing gear, optimizing time of day, utilizing bait effectively, and staying informed about weather conditions.
Understanding local fish species: Lake Erie is home to various fish species, including walleye, perch, and bass. Walleye fishing is particularly popular due to their abundance and size. According to the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (2020), walleye populations in Lake Erie have been stable, with anglers often catching fish averaging 18 to 25 inches.
Selecting proper fishing gear: Choose gear based on the targeted species. Light tackle works well for panfish, while heavier rods are needed for larger species like walleye. Using the right lines and lures increases the likelihood of a successful catch. Research by Walleye Central (2021) suggests that braided lines improve sensitivity and reduce backlash, enhancing the overall fishing experience.
Optimizing time of day: Early morning and late evening are often the best times for fishing. Fish are more active during these periods as they hunt for food. A study published in the Journal of Freshwater Ecology (Smith & Jones, 2022) indicates that fish are most likely to feed during dawn and dusk, making these times ideal for anglers.
Utilizing bait effectively: Use live bait such as minnows or worms for increased attractiveness. Alternatively, artificial lures, like crankbaits or jigs, can also be effective. A survey by Lake Erie Fishing Association (2021) revealed that anglers using live bait caught 30% more fish than those using lures.
Staying informed about weather conditions: Monitor weather patterns before going fishing. Fish tend to be less active during extreme cold or heat. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, 2020), stable weather conditions contribute to better fishing success rates, as fish are more likely to feed when pressure changes are minimal.
By concentrating on these key aspects, anglers can significantly enhance their fishing experience in Lake Erie.
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