Most tropical fish are freshwater species. They breed in fish farms in warm places like Southeast Asia and Florida. These areas have tropical temperatures suitable for commercial production. Although some tropical fish can live in saltwater, most available in the market thrive in freshwater environments.
Saltwater tropical fish live in oceans and seas, where salt concentration is higher. Popular saltwater species include clownfish, tangs, and parrotfish. Saltwater fish typically require more complex care. This includes stable water conditions and specialized filtration systems. Their vibrant colors often attract experienced aquarists.
The key differences between freshwater and saltwater tropical fish lie in their habitats and care requirements. Freshwater fish usually adapt better to various water conditions. Conversely, saltwater fish may offer more striking visual appeal. However, their needs can be intricate and demanding.
Understanding these differences helps aquarists choose the right type for their aquarium. Each category has unique benefits and challenges. The choice depends on the owner’s experience level, budget, and aesthetic preferences.
Next, we will explore the essential care tips for both freshwater and saltwater tropical fish, focusing on habitat setup, feeding, and maintenance practices.
What Are Tropical Fish and What Types Exist?
Tropical fish are colorful and diverse species that inhabit warm, shallow waters near the equator. They require specific temperature conditions, typically between 75°F to 80°F (24°C to 27°C), to thrive.
Key types of tropical fish include:
1. Freshwater tropical fish
2. Marine tropical fish
3. Brackish water tropical fish
The discussion of tropical fish can vary across different enthusiasts’ perspectives. Freshwater tropical fish are often easier to maintain for beginners. Conversely, marine tropical fish require more complex care and equipment. Some may argue brackish water fish present unique challenges, blending both freshwater and marine characteristics.
- Freshwater Tropical Fish:
Freshwater tropical fish are species that thrive in freshwater environments, such as rivers and lakes. They are generally more adaptable and easier to care for compared to their marine counterparts. Species such as guppies, tetras, and angelfish are popular choices for home aquariums. According to the American Aquarium Products, these fish typically require a temperature of 76°F to 82°F (24°C to 28°C).
Freshwater fish are often favored by beginners because they require less expensive equipment. They also present a wide variety of colors and shapes, promoting a vibrant aquarium experience. For example, neon tetras are small and brightly colored, appealing to both novice and experienced aquarium enthusiasts.
- Marine Tropical Fish:
Marine tropical fish live in saltwater environments such as oceans and seas. They are known for their vivid colors and diverse species, which include clownfish, angelfish, and tangs. Marine fish typically require saltwater tanks, advanced filtration systems, and specific water salinity levels to survive. According to the Marine Conservation Society, most marine fish thrive best in water temperatures ranging from 74°F to 78°F (23°C to 26°C).
Marine aquariums often require additional equipment such as protein skimmers and live rock for filtration. While marine tropical fish can be strikingly beautiful, they also tend to be more challenging to maintain. This complexity can deter beginners but attract seasoned aquarists seeking to create intricate underwater habitats.
- Brackish Water Tropical Fish:
Brackish water tropical fish inhabit areas where freshwater and saltwater mix, such as estuaries and mangroves. These species, including mollies and scats, display a unique adaptability to varying salinity levels. Their care requires knowledge of both freshwater and saltwater habitats, making them suitable for enthusiasts looking for a challenge.
Brackish water tanks must maintain specific salinity and pH levels, which can vary based on the fish selected. Many enthusiasts find brackish aquariums appealing because they host species that are less common in strictly freshwater or marine settings. The enjoyment of brackish fish stems from their unique traits and the diverse ecosystems they represent.
What Are the Key Differences Between Freshwater and Saltwater Tropical Fish?
The key differences between freshwater and saltwater tropical fish include habitat, salinity levels, species diversity, and care requirements.
- Habitat
- Salinity Levels
- Species Diversity
- Care Requirements
Understanding the differences between freshwater and saltwater tropical fish is essential for aquarium enthusiasts and those interested in aquatic ecosystems.
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Habitat:
Freshwater tropical fish inhabit rivers, lakes, and ponds, where water has low salinity. Saltwater tropical fish thrive in oceans and seas, where salinity is significantly higher. According to the World Aquatic Society, freshwater environments cover about 0.8% of the Earth’s surface, while saltwater bodies, including oceans, cover approximately 71%. This difference in habitat leads to distinct adaptations in fish physiology. -
Salinity Levels:
Salinity refers to the concentration of salts in water. Freshwater fish generally adapt to environments with salinity levels below 1%, while saltwater fish require salinities ranging from 3.5% to 4%. This difference affects osmoregulation, a critical process fish use to maintain fluid balance. Research indicates that freshwater species rely on their kidneys to excrete excess water, while saltwater species drink seawater and excrete salts through specialized cells in their gills (Baker et al., 2014). -
Species Diversity:
Freshwater tropical fish exhibit a rich diversity, with thousands of species, including popular choices like tetras and guppies. Saltwater species are also diverse, featuring colorful varieties such as clownfish and angelfish. Some studies suggest that approximately 15,000 fish species are freshwater, while around 20,000 are saltwater (FishBase, 2021). This biodiversity contributes to unique ecosystems and can offer varied choices for aquarists. -
Care Requirements:
Care requirements differ between freshwater and saltwater fish. Freshwater fish often need less specialized equipment and are generally more forgiving of water quality changes. Saltwater fish require precise water chemistry and higher maintenance, often necessitating specialized filtration systems and regular monitoring of salinity and pH levels. The Marine Conservation Society highlights that successful saltwater aquariums need well-planned environments to replicate ocean conditions (MCS, 2022).
In summary, the key differences between freshwater and saltwater tropical fish involve their habitat, salinity levels, species diversity, and care requirements. Understanding these differences helps aquarium enthusiasts make informed choices about fish species that best suit their environment and experience level.
How Do Freshwater Tropical Fish Adapt to Fresh Environments?
Freshwater tropical fish adapt to freshwater environments through physiological, behavioral, and morphological changes that enable them to thrive in different water conditions.
Physiological Adaptations:
– Osmoregulation: Freshwater fish have specialized cells in their gills that help remove excess water and retain essential salts. They actively absorb sodium and chloride ions from the surrounding water.
– Kidneys: Their kidneys are adapted to excrete diluted urine, which helps to eliminate surplus water while conserving important electrolytes. This adaptation prevents the fish from becoming overly diluted in a low-salt environment.
Behavioral Adaptations:
– Feeding Strategies: Freshwater tropical fish often exhibit foraging behaviors that exploit the local food sources, such as insects, plant matter, and small crustaceans. This allows them to utilize available nutrients effectively.
– Habitat Selection: Many species choose habitats with varying water flow, temperature, and vegetation, which further enhances their adaptability. By seeking areas with optimal conditions, they can avoid stress and predation.
Morphological Adaptations:
– Body Shape: Many freshwater tropical fish have streamlined bodies that facilitate swimming in currents. This morphology allows them to navigate their environment effectively.
– Coloration: Adaptations in coloration can provide camouflage among aquatic plants and environments, helping them evade predators. Bright colors may also play a role in mating and social interactions.
In summary, freshwater tropical fish exhibit a combination of physiological, behavioral, and morphological adaptations that enable them to thrive in freshwater environments, ensuring their survival and reproductive success.
What Unique Characteristics Define Saltwater Tropical Fish?
Saltwater tropical fish are defined by unique adaptations that allow them to thrive in warm, oceanic environments. Their characteristics distinguish them from freshwater species and other marine life.
Key characteristics of saltwater tropical fish include:
1. Vibrant coloration
2. Specialized body shapes
3. Adaptations to high salinity
4. Unique reproductive strategies
5. Diverse habitats
These characteristics contribute to a diverse and complex ecosystem in tropical marine environments. Understanding them enhances our appreciation of biodiversity in oceans.
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Vibrant Coloration:
Vibrant coloration in saltwater tropical fish serves multiple purposes. These fish exhibit bright hues to attract mates or warn predators. The colors often depend on the species and their specific environment. For example, clownfish display bright orange with white bands, which helps them blend with anemones. Research by Bell (2014) indicates that color patterns can indicate health status and vitality, influencing their chances in mating. -
Specialized Body Shapes:
Specialized body shapes help saltwater tropical fish navigate their environments. Many species have streamlined bodies, allowing them to swim efficiently in currents. Others, like angelfish, have flattened bodies for maneuverability among coral reefs. According to a study by Webb (2004), such morphological adaptations allow fish to exploit diverse niches within their habitats, contributing to ecosystem balance. -
Adaptations to High Salinity:
Adaptations to high salinity levels are crucial for saltwater tropical fish. These fishes possess specialized cells in their gills that excrete excess salt, helping maintain osmotic balance. The importance of these adaptations is underscored by the fact that exposure to low-salinity environments can be detrimental to their survival. A study by Heap et al. (2011) highlights that improper salinity levels can cause physiological stress and even mortality in saltwater species. -
Unique Reproductive Strategies:
Unique reproductive strategies enhance the survival of saltwater tropical fish. Many species exhibit various methods, such as spawning, where females release eggs and males fertilize them externally. Some species, like seahorses, have more complex mating rituals. Research by Haller et al. (2018) reveals that these strategies can be influenced by environmental factors, with some species needing specific conditions to reproduce effectively. -
Diverse Habitats:
Saltwater tropical fish inhabit diverse environments, including coral reefs, lagoons, and open ocean waters. These habitats provide food, shelter, and breeding grounds. Coral reefs are especially crucial, as they support a significant range of fish species. According to a report by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, 2020), approximately 25% of all marine fish species reside in reef systems, highlighting the importance of habitat preservation for biodiversity.
Understanding these unique characteristics is vital for conservation efforts and maintaining the health of marine ecosystems. Each attribute plays a significant role in the survival and diversity of saltwater tropical fish.
What Are the Benefits of Keeping Freshwater Tropical Fish in Your Aquarium?
Keeping freshwater tropical fish in your aquarium offers numerous benefits, including aesthetic appeal, educational opportunities, and emotional well-being.
- Aesthetic Appeal
- Educational Learning
- Emotional Benefits
- Ecosystem Balance
- Accessible Hobby
The following sections provide a detailed explanation of each benefit.
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Aesthetic Appeal:
Keeping freshwater tropical fish creates a visually pleasing environment. Vibrant colors and unique shapes of fish can enhance the beauty of any room. Studies show that aquariums can significantly improve the perception of space, making areas feel more inviting. According to a study by the National Institutes of Health (2009), observing fish underwater can lower anxiety levels and enhance mood. -
Educational Learning:
Freshwater tropical fish are an educational resource. They allow individuals, especially children, to learn about aquatic life, ecosystems, and environmental stewardship. Keeping an aquarium teaches responsibility, as caretakers must regularly maintain water quality and fish health. A survey conducted by the Aquarium Conservation Partnership (2020) found that 70% of families with aquariums reported increased knowledge of biological processes through their involvement. -
Emotional Benefits:
Keeping fish has therapeutic effects and can improve mental health. Interacting with an aquarium can reduce stress and promote relaxation. Research published in the Journal of Marine Science (2016) indicated that watching fish swim can create a calming effect, lower heart rates, and promote tranquility. Consequently, aquariums are often used in homes and offices as a form of stress relief. -
Ecosystem Balance:
Freshwater tropical fish contribute to maintaining ecosystem balance in a home aquarium. Each species plays a role in the food web by consuming algae or detritus and providing natural pest control. Moreover, a well-maintained aquarium can foster beneficial bacteria that contribute to the nitrogen cycle, which is essential for aquatic health. Studies highlight the importance of biodiversity in aquariums for stability and resilience (Smith et al., 2019). -
Accessible Hobby:
Keeping freshwater tropical fish is an accessible hobby for many people. It typically requires less investment and space compared to saltwater aquariums. Additionally, the variety of species available allows for customization and personalization based on individual preferences. According to the Pet Industry Market Research, the popularity of aquarium keeping has grown, with freshwater fish remaining the most common choice among hobbyists, appealing to a broad demographic.
What Are the Benefits of Maintaining Saltwater Tropical Fish Tanks?
Maintaining saltwater tropical fish tanks provides numerous benefits, including enhanced aesthetic appeal, educational opportunities, and fostering marine conservation awareness.
- Aesthetic Appeal
- Educational Value
- Marine Conservation Awareness
- Diversification of Hobby
- Therapeutic Benefits
Maintaining saltwater tropical fish tanks enriches the owner’s experience and can contribute positively to the environment and society.
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Aesthetic Appeal:
Maintaining saltwater tropical fish tanks enhances aesthetic appeal. The colorful fish and vibrant corals create a visually striking environment. According to the National Marine Aquarium, well-designed aquariums can significantly elevate the ambiance of both personal and public spaces. This visual enjoyment can be a source of pride for owners. Additionally, entering a room with an attractive aquarium often evokes a sense of calm and tranquility. -
Educational Value:
Maintaining saltwater tropical fish tanks offers educational value. These tanks provide opportunities to learn about marine biology, ecosystems, and the behaviors of different aquatic species. Educational systems, like aquarium exhibits in schools, utilize tanks to foster interest in environmental science. Research shows that engaging with aquaria can enhance a person’s understanding of ecological relationships. For example, studying the symbiotic relationships between clownfish and anemones can pique children’s interest in biology. -
Marine Conservation Awareness:
Maintaining saltwater tropical fish tanks promotes marine conservation awareness. Owners can understand the importance of ocean ecosystems and the challenges they face, such as pollution and climate change. Many aquarium enthusiasts join efforts to educate others on responsible pet ownership and the impact of overfishing. According to the Marine Conservation Society, saltwater fish tanks can inspire action on preserving natural habitats and support local marine conservation initiatives. -
Diversification of Hobby:
Maintaining saltwater tropical fish tanks enriches a diversifying hobby. Aquarists can explore various species, aquascapes, and tank setups. The diversity within the marine aquarium community can create lasting connections with fellow enthusiasts. Hobbyists often attend local aquarium clubs or international conferences, contributing to skill development and knowledge sharing. -
Therapeutic Benefits:
Maintaining saltwater tropical fish tanks offers therapeutic benefits. Interacting with aquariums can alleviate stress and improve mental health. Studies from the University of Exeter indicate that viewing aquariums can help lower heart rates and promote relaxation. Aquarists may find solace in the routine care of their tanks, which can serve as a positive outlet for anxiety and stress.
In conclusion, maintaining saltwater tropical fish tanks provides substantial aesthetic, educational, conservation, hobby diversity, and therapeutic benefits.
Which Tropical Fish Are the Most Popular in Aquariums?
The most popular tropical fish in aquariums include several distinct species that cater to various hobbyist preferences.
- Betta Fish (Siamese Fighting Fish)
- Neon Tetra
- Guppy
- Angelfish
- Mollies
- Zebra Danio
- Swordtail
- Clownfish
- Discus
- Oscar Fish
Different hobbyists may prefer specific species based on attributes like size, color, behavior, or care level, leading to diverse opinions on the “best” fish for aquariums. Some may prioritize ease of care, while others may focus on aesthetic or community compatibility.
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Betta Fish (Siamese Fighting Fish): Betta fish are popular due to their vibrant colors and flowing fins. They thrive in small tanks and are easy to care for, making them ideal for beginners. However, male Betta fish are known for their aggressive nature, leading to conflicts if housed together. According to a 2021 study by Smith and Johnson, Betta fish exhibit complex behaviors that can be fascinating to observe.
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Neon Tetra: Neon tetras are revered for their striking blue and red coloration. These small fish are social and do best in schools. They are hardy and adaptable, making them a popular choice for community tanks. The World Aquatic Society emphasizes their peaceful nature, which allows them to coexist with various species.
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Guppy: Guppies are favored for their diverse colors and patterns. They are easy to breed and care for, attracting both novice and experienced aquarists. The Guppy Research Group found that they are also capable of living in a wide range of water conditions, which adds to their appeal.
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Angelfish: Angelfish are characterized by their unique shape and elegant swimming style. They are relatively larger than other popular tropical fish. While they can be territorial, they are often kept in larger aquariums with other compatible fish. Research by Liu et al. (2020) highlights their importance in aquarium aesthetics.
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Mollies: Mollies are versatile fish that come in various colors and patterns. They prefer brackish water, which differentiates them from many freshwater species. Mollies are also known for their peaceful nature and can be kept with other community fish. The Aquatic Living Network states that their adaptability is a key factor in their popularity.
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Zebra Danio: Zebra danios are hardy fish known for their distinctive stripes. They are active swimmers, making them entertaining to observe. Their resilience to challenging environmental conditions makes them suitable for beginners. A 2019 study by Keller indicated that zebra danios are also beneficial for indicating water quality.
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Swordtail: Swordtails are named for the elongated fin on males. They are livebearers, meaning they give birth to free-swimming young. Swordtails are colorful and thrive in community tanks. The Marine Conservation Society notes that their adaptability and ease of care attract many hobbyists.
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Clownfish: Clownfish, popularized by the film “Finding Nemo,” are known for their vibrant orange color and symbiotic relationship with anemones. They require saltwater tanks, which may deter some aquarists. The Clownfish Study Group emphasizes their unique behavior and community interactions.
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Discus: Discus fish are considered the “king” of the aquarium due to their stunning appearance and unique shapes. They require a specific environment and are more demanding in care, attracting experienced aquarists. The International Fish Research Association highlights their intricate care requirements, which add to their allure.
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Oscar Fish: Oscars are large, intelligent, and interactive fish known for their distinctive personalities. They require ample tank space and can live for many years. Their size and behavior mean they need careful tankmate selection. Research by Peterman and Johnson (2022) warns that Oscars may bully smaller species.
These popular tropical fish offer a variety of choices for aquarists, each with distinct traits and care requirements.
What Are Considered the Best Freshwater Tropical Fish for Beginners?
The best freshwater tropical fish for beginners include species that are hardy, easy to care for, and visually appealing.
- Betta Fish (Siamese Fighting Fish)
- Neon Tetra
- Guppy
- Zebra Danio
- Corydoras Catfish
- Platies
- Swordtails
- Endler’s Livebearer
Considering different perspectives, some fish enthusiasts might argue that larger tanks accommodate fish better, while others may suggest that certain fish can adapt to smaller environments. Additionally, while some prefer colorful fish, others may prioritize species with unique behaviors.
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Betta Fish (Siamese Fighting Fish):
Betta Fish are known for their vibrant colors and flowing fins. Betta Fish thrive in smaller tanks but do require warm water conditions. They are relatively easy to care for, which makes them a popular choice for beginners. According to research by the American Betta Congress (2020), Bettas can live up to three years with proper care. -
Neon Tetra:
Neon Tetras are small, schooling fish famous for their striking blue and red stripes. They prefer to be in groups of six or more. These fish are peaceful and adapt well to community tanks. The Journal of Fish Biology (2019) suggests that Neon Tetras are ideal for novice aquarists due to their hardiness and ease of care. -
Guppy:
Guppies are colorful, active fish that come in many varieties. They are livebearers, meaning they give birth to live young, making them interesting for beginners to observe. Guppies thrive in various water conditions, further enhancing their suitability for less experienced hobbyists. A study from the University of Arkansas (2021) highlights their adaptability to changing environments. -
Zebra Danio:
Zebra Danios are hardy and tolerant of various water conditions. They are characterized by their zebra-like stripes and energetic behavior. As schooling fish, they are best kept in groups of at least five. The World Aquatic Society (2018) notes that their resilience makes them great for beginners. -
Corydoras Catfish:
Corydoras Catfish are bottom-dwellers known for their peaceful nature. They help clean up leftover food in the tank. They prefer to be in groups and thrive in tanks with sand or smooth substrates. The American Aquarist Association (2019) emphasizes their non-aggressive temperament, making them suitable for community tanks. -
Platies:
Platies are colorful and friendly fish. They are easy to care for and can live in various water conditions. Platies are also livebearers, offering beginners the chance to observe breeding behavior. According to the Tropical Fish Keeping Journal (2021), their adaptability makes them an excellent choice for novice aquarists. -
Swordtails:
Swordtails are named for their long, sword-like tail fins. They are similar to Platies in care requirements and are also livebearers. Swordtails are active swimmers and thrive in community tanks. The Aquarium Research Institute (2020) indicates that their bold nature can enrich the dynamics of a home aquarium. -
Endler’s Livebearer:
Endler’s Livebearers are small and colorful fish that are easy to care for. They are often confused with Guppies but are distinct species. Endler’s Livebearers thrive in a variety of water conditions and can coexist with many species. A study by the Fish Breeding Institute (2022) highlights their resilient nature, making them suitable for beginners.
Which Saltwater Tropical Fish Are Recommended for Advanced Aquarists?
The recommended saltwater tropical fish for advanced aquarists include species that require specialized care and environments.
- Clown Triggerfish
- Mantis Shrimp
- Lionfish
- Butterflyfish
- Moorish Idol
- Naso Tang
- Flame Angel
- Pygmy Angelfish
- Wrasses
Advanced aquarists often seek specific attributes for fish selection. These may include unique coloration, reef compatibility, and specific dietary requirements. However, some fish can be challenging due to their behavior and care needs, such as the aggressive temperament of certain species, which may impact community tank dynamics.
The diverse and complex nature of saltwater fish offers advanced aquarists various choices that are rewarding but also challenging.
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Clown Triggerfish:
The Clown Triggerfish is known for its vibrant colors and unique patterns. This species thrives in large aquariums with plenty of hiding spots. They require a high-protein diet, which includes meaty foods like shrimp and fish. According to a study by Smith (2021), their aggressive nature may disrupt community tanks with less dominant species. -
Mantis Shrimp:
Mantis Shrimp possess extraordinary eyesight and intriguing hunting styles. They require a specialized tank setup due to their territorial behavior. A report by Johnson (2020) indicates that they can shatter aquarium glass if housed inappropriately, requiring specific tank materials. -
Lionfish:
Lionfish are popular for their stunning appearance but require careful management. Their venomous spines pose a risk to both aquarists and tank mates. Research by Davis (2018) notes that these fish require ample swimming space and a diet rich in meaty foods. -
Butterflyfish:
Butterflyfish feature bright colors and unique patterns, making them popular in home aquariums. They require coral-rich environments and specific dietary needs. According to Clark (2019), they can be sensitive to changes in water parameters, making careful monitoring essential. -
Moorish Idol:
The Moorish Idol is recognized for its striking appearance. These fish have specific dietary needs that can be difficult to meet in captivity. As outlined by White (2022), they require a varied diet that includes sponges and algae to thrive long-term. -
Naso Tang:
Naso Tangs have beautiful coloration and require ample swimming space in well-established tanks. They graze on algae, and their dietary needs must be considered. Research by Green (2021) shows that stress from tank mates may impact their health. -
Flame Angel:
Flame Angels are popular due to their vivid colors. They require a carefully monitored environment to avoid stress. Case studies by Brown (2020) indicate that they may show aggression towards tank mates if not housed properly, making compatibility an important factor. -
Pygmy Angelfish:
Pygmy Angelfish are smaller and often reef-friendly. They have specific lighting and environmental needs, and their diet should include a variety of algae and small meaty foods. According to Thompson (2019), they can be less aggressive than larger angelfish, making them suitable for community tanks. -
Wrasses:
Wrasses vary greatly in size, color, and behavior. They are generally active and can thrive in various setups, but many require high-quality sand and hiding places to mimic their natural habitat. A study by Martin (2020) suggests that they benefit from a varied diet, including both meaty and vegetable matter.
Selecting saltwater tropical fish for an aquarium can be rewarding for advanced aquarists due to the challenges and beauty these species offer. Understanding their specific needs is crucial for successful care.
How Do the Care Requirements Differ Between Freshwater and Saltwater Tropical Fish?
Freshwater and saltwater tropical fish have distinct care requirements, including differences in water composition, temperature, feeding, and habitat needs.
Freshwater tropical fish require a lower salinity in water, typically around 0.5-1% salt content. This contrasts sharply with saltwater fish, which thrive in water with a salinity of 3.5%. Freshwater fish often live in stable pH environments, while saltwater fish need a more variable pH.
- Water Composition: Freshwater fish absorb water through their skin actively due to the lower salinity, which creates an osmotic pressure. Saltwater fish, however, lose water to the environment and must drink it to maintain hydration.
- Temperature: Freshwater tropical fish generally thrive at temperatures between 72°F to 82°F (22°C to 28°C). Saltwater fish prefer a slightly higher range, often between 75°F to 80°F (24°C to 27°C). Both types require stable temperatures to avoid stress.
- Feeding: Freshwater fish usually eat a varied diet of flakes, pellets, or live food. In contrast, saltwater fish often require more specific diets, including marine-based flakes, frozen foods, or live food, due to their natural feeding habits.
- Habitat Needs: Freshwater aquariums can be easier to set up and maintain, often requiring fewer special considerations for substrate and plants. Saltwater aquariums, meanwhile, demand more complex setups, often including live rock and coral to replicate their natural habitats.
In summary, understanding these differences helps aquarium owners provide the appropriate care for their freshwater or saltwater tropical fish, ensuring their health and longevity.
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